要點英語
Ⅰ 要點英語短文
Learning:A Lifelong Career【學習:一生的事業】
As food is to the body, so is learning to the mind. Our bodies grow and muscles develop with the intake of adequate nutritious food. Likewise, we should keep learning day by day to maintain our keen mental power and expand our intellectual capacity. Constant learning supplies us with inexhaustible fuel for driving us to sharpen our power of reasoning, analysis, and judgment. Learning incessantly is the surest way to keep pace with the times in the information age, and an infallible warrant of success in times of uncertainty.
Once learning stops, vegetation sets in. It is a common fallacy to regard school as the only workshop for the acquisition of knowledge. On the contrary, learning should be a never-ending process, from the cradle to the grave. With the world ever changing so fast, the cease from learning for just a few days will make a person lag behind. What's worse, the animalistic instinct dormant deep in our subconsciousness will come to life, weakening our will to pursue our noble ideal, sapping our determination to sweep away obstacles to our success and strangling our desire for the refinement of our character. Lack of learning will inevitably lead to the stagnation of the mind, or even worse, its fossilization, Therefore, to stay mentally young, we have to take learning as a lifelong career.
學習之於心靈,就像食物之於身體一樣。攝取了適量的營養食物,我們的身體得以生長而肌肉得以發達。同樣地,我們應該日復一日不斷地學習以保持我們敏銳的心智能力,並擴充我們的智力容量。不斷的學習提供我們用不盡的燃料,來驅使我們磨利我們的推理、分析和判斷的能力。持續的學習是在信息時代中跟時代並駕齊驅的最穩當的方法,也是在變動的世代中成功的可靠保證。
一旦學習停止,單調貧乏的生活就開始了。視學校為汲取知識的唯一場所是種常見的謬誤。相反地,學習應該是一種無終止的歷程,從生到死。由於世界一直快速地在變動,只要學習停頓數日就將使人落後。更糟的是,蟄伏在我們潛意識深處的獸性本能就會復活,削弱我們追求高貴理想的意志,弱化我們掃除成功障礙的決心,而且扼殺我們凈化我們人格的慾望。缺少學習將不可避免地導致心靈的停滯,甚至更糟地,使其僵化。因此,為了保持心理年輕,我們必須將學習當作一生的事業。
2.heavy schoolwork【課業繁重】
In my opinion, the schoolwork now being assigned to high school students is too heavy. While it is true that students need to study, they need other things as well if they are to grow into healthy and well-rounded alts. High should be allowed more time for play. Playing is not wasting time, as some think. It gives them physical exercise, and also exercise their imagination. Which tends to be stifled by too much study. Finally, the pressure put on high school students by excessive schoolwork can cause serious stress, which is unhealthy physically and mentally. I do not advocate the elimination of schoolwork. I do think, however, that a rection of the current heavy load would be beneficial to students and to the society as a whole.
我認為目前高中生的課業實在太重了,雖然說學生的確應當念書,但是要想長大成為健全的人,他門還需要一些其它的東西,所以應該給高中生較多從事娛樂的時間。娛樂並不如某些人所想的,是在浪費時間,它可以讓學生鍛煉身體,發揮被繁重課業扼殺的想像力。最後,繁重的課業加諸在高中生身上的壓力可能引起嚴重的情緒緊張,這對身心都有害。我並非主張廢除學校課業,但是我認為減輕目前繁重的課業對於學生和整個社會都是有益的。
3.Time【時間】
Lost time is never found again. This is something which I learned very clearly last semester. I spent so much time fooling around that my grades began to suffer. I finally realized that something had to be done. It was time for a change.
Now I have a new plan for using my time wisely. I have set my alarm clock ahead half an hour. This will give me a head start on the day. I have also decided to keep a log of what I do and when I do it. Looking back on what I』ve done will give me some ideas on how to reorganize my time.
時光一去不復返,這是我上學期清楚學到的教訓。我浪費很多時間四處游盪,以致於我的成績開始退步。最後我終於了解到我必須有所作為;該是痛改前非的時候了。
現在我有一個明智運用時間的新方法。我已將鬧鍾早撥半小時,這將使我這一天的作息提前開始。我也決定將我所做的一切及做這些事的時間記錄下來。回顧我所做的事情會啟發我如何重新安排我的時間。
4.Work and Play【工作與娛樂】
Work and play do not contradict each other; in fact, they complement each other. As the saying goes, "All work and no play makes Jack a ll boy." A life burdened with work leads you nowhere, for you would get tired and bored with your daily routine work. On the other hand, proper recreation will relieve the tension and discomfort of our monotonous life because it offers you various ways to let out your pent-up emotions.
What I usually do to relax after school is jogging and seeing movies. Usually I don't spare time for exercise, but I value the physical ecation class at school. Jogging several rounds in the field certainly relieves the day's pressure. On weekends, I'll catch the morning movie for my visual enjoyment. I feel revived and energetic for another week's work-load.
工作與娛樂並不互相沖突,事實上,它們之間的關系還相輔相成。有句格言說:「整日工作而沒有休閑娛樂,會令人變得沉悶乏味。」被工作重擔壓得喘不過氣來的生活,將使你一事無成,因為你將對一成不變的例行公事感到厭煩。由另一方面來說,適度的娛樂活動能提供各種管道,來渲泄你被壓抑的情緒,減輕單調生活中的緊張與不悅。
放學之後,我最常做的休閑活動,便是慢跑與看電影。通常我並不特地撥出時間來做運動,但是我很重視學校的體育課。在操場上慢跑幾圈,無疑地可以減輕一天的壓力。在周末時,我都去看早場電影,享受視覺盛宴。如此一來,我將有如再生般的充沛活力,去面對下一星期的工作量。
5.My first Job【我的第一份工作】
My first job was at a cramming school. It was three years ago when I just graated from junior high school and finished the entrance examination. since I had nothing to do that summer, I decided to find a job, tasting the joy of independence.
I was responsible for answering the telephone and taking the message. I worked eight hours a day, six days a week. The work was not difficult nor heavy to me and I guess I did well. The most delighted thing was perhaps that I could spend the money I earned all by myself.
我的第一份工作是在一家補習班做事。那是三年前我剛從國中畢業,考完聯考時的事了。既然我那整個夏天都閑著沒事,倒不如找份差事,嘗嘗獨立賺錢的快樂。
我負責接聽電話且紀錄留言的工作。我一天工作八小時,一星期工作六天。那份工作對我而言既不困難亦不沉重,所以我想我還滿稱職的。而最令人快樂的事大概莫過於花全部由自己賺來的錢了!
6.My Favorite Sports【我最喜愛的運動】
Sports help everyone to keep healthy, happy, and efficient. So I pay special attention to games, especially table-tennis. Table tennis is my favorite game. I play it almost every day.
Table-tennis is an ideal game us because it brings the whole body into action. It strengthens our muscles, expands our lungs, promotes the circulation of the blood, and causes a healthy action of the skin. Besides, it is very amusing and does not cost us much money. Table-tennis is very moderate; it is not so rough as football. It is an indoor game and can be played even on rainy days. Thus, it is my favorite kind of exercise.
運動能幫助每一個人保持健康、快樂和有效率。所以我特別重視運動,特別是撞球,撞球是我最喜歡的運動。我幾乎每天玩。
撞球對我們而言,是一項理想的運動,因為它可以使我們全身運動,它可以增強我們的肌肉,擴張我們的肺部,促進血液循環,並且使肌膚產生健康作用,此外,它很有趣而且所費不多。撞球是相當溫和適中的,它不像足球那麼粗野。它是一種室內運動,甚至在下雨天也能玩。因此,撞球是我最喜愛的一種運動。
Fox and cock
One morning a fox sees a cock.He think,"This is my breakfast.''
He comes up to the cock and says,"I know you can sing very well.Can you sing for me?''The cock is glad.He closes his eyes and begins to sing.The fox sees that and caches him in his mouth and carries him away.
The people in the field see the fox.They cry,"Look,look!The fox is carrying the cock away.''
The cock says to the fox,"Mr Fox,do you understand?The people say you are carrying their cock away.Tell them it is yours.Not theirs.''
The fox opens his mouth and says,"The cock is mine,not yours.''Just then the cock runs away from the fox and flies into the tree.
狐狸和公雞
一天早上,一隻狐狸看到了一隻公雞。他想:這是我的早餐。
他朝公雞走來,對他說:「我知道,你能唱得非常好聽,你能唱給我聽么?」公雞很高興。他閉上眼睛開始唱歌。狐狸看到這些抓住它放到自己的嘴裡走了。
在田地里的人們看到了狐狸。大喊大叫:「看,看!狐狸抓住公雞逃走了。」公雞對狐狸說:「狐狸先生,你能理解么?人們認為你叼走了公雞。告訴他們這是你的,不是他們的。」
狐狸張開她的嘴說:「公雞是我的,不是你們的。」就在那時,公雞逃離了狐狸的嘴巴,跑到了樹底下。
The City Mouse and the Country Mouse
Once there were two mice. They were friends. One mouse lived in the country; the other mouse lived in the city. After many years the Country mouse saw the City mouse; he said, "Do come and see me at my house in the country." So the City mouse went. The City mouse said, "This food is not good, and your house is not good. Why do you live in a hole in the field? You should come and live in the city. You would live in a nice house made of stone. You would have nice food to eat. You must come and see me at my house in the city."
The Country mouse went to the house of the City mouse. It was a very good house. Nice food was set ready for them to eat. But just as they began to eat they heard a great noise. The City mouse cried, " Run! Run! The cat is coming!" They ran away quickly and hid.
After some time they came out. When they came out, the Country mouse said, "I do not like living in the city. I like living in my hole in the field. For it is nicer to be poor and happy, than to be rich and afraid."
【譯文】
城裡老鼠和鄉下老鼠
從前,有兩只老鼠,它們是好朋友。一隻老鼠居住在鄉村,另一隻住在城裡。很多年以後,鄉下老鼠碰到城裡老鼠,它說:「你一定要來我鄉下的家看看。」於是,城裡老鼠就去了。鄉下老鼠領著它到了一塊田地上它自己的家裡。它把所有最精美食物都找出來給城裡老鼠。城裡老鼠說:「這東西不好吃,你的家也不好,你為什麼住在田野的地洞里呢?你應該搬到城裡去住,你能住上用石頭造的漂亮房子,還會吃上美味佳餚,你應該到我城裡的家看看。」
鄉下老鼠就到城裡老鼠的家去。房子十分漂亮,好吃的東西也為他們擺好了。可是正當他們要開始吃的時候,聽見很大的一陣響聲,城裡的老鼠叫喊起來:「快跑!快跑!貓來了!」他們飛快地跑開躲藏起來。
過了一會兒,他們出來了。當他們出來時,鄉下老鼠說:「我不喜歡住在城裡,我喜歡住在田野我的洞里。因為這樣雖然貧窮但是快樂自在,比起雖然富有卻要過著提心吊膽的生活來說,要好些。」
Ⅱ 演講的要點用英語怎麼說
Lecture
main
point
Ⅲ 零基礎學習英語有哪些要點
一、背誦和記憶
重復是人類語言的規律,記憶對於學習一門語言來說至關重要。很多人在零基礎學習英語的時候,都很抗拒背誦這個事情,我們為什麼要背誦?句子由單詞構成,文章由句子構成,想要建高樓大廈,難道不要磚嗎?所以單詞一定得背誦!
另外作為外國人,我們看到英語,第一反應就是在心中把它翻譯成漢語,這是一種用中文思考的方式,而背誦強迫我們直接用英語思維去思考,輸入的是英文,輸出的時候也是以地道的英文輸出,而不是先想到中文,然後再進行翻譯。
那麼我們要記憶什麼?怎麼記憶?零基礎學習英語背單詞的時候,要注意區分同一個單詞的不同詞性以及不同意義,還要留意其近義詞和反義詞,這樣你一下記住的就不只一個單詞了。大家每天背誦一段英文,可以是英文散文、也可以是電影對白或者是英語新聞。每天3-4句,注意觀察你所背句子的結構,注意積累裡面的好詞佳句,過一段時間就會發現,你寫作的時候,信手拈來放入你的文章裡面。或者你在與別人的交流過程中,這些段落一下子會進到你的腦子來,所以背誦就是一個把公共知識變為個人見識的一個過程。
二、訓練聽的能力
“聽”和“說”是相輔相成的,只有會“聽”才能會“說”,也只有“說”的越來越多,聽的才能更好。而且聽明白這件事,對於英語的三大基礎,發音、詞彙、語法都是考驗,各位同學可以用“聽”來檢驗和提高英語的基礎能力。去哪裡聽?這個問題比找誰說要容易的多。互聯網有很多資源可以利用起來,比如可可英語、BBC英語網站,上面有很多免費的資源;英語電影、美劇也是很好的練習素材。
最開始聽要精聽,在零基礎學習英語英語基礎不好的情況下泛泛而聽是不會有什麼進步的,每天聽幾句,反復聽,要達到句子里每個單詞都能聽出來這種境界!每天堅持聽半小時,保持語感,不能三天打魚兩天曬網。另外看美劇,最好挑一些比較日常和口語化的美劇,英語基礎不好,看那些燒腦的、專業化的純屬於娛樂而不是學習了。
零基礎學習英語有哪些要點小編就說到這里了,祝願各位考生都能認真備考,順利通過考試。更多關於入門學習英語的技巧,干貨等內容。小編會持續更新。
Ⅳ 初一英語重點要點
初一英語重點要點
1. 人稱代詞
主格: I we you she he it they
賓格: me us you her him it them
形容詞性物主代詞:my our your her his its their
名詞性物主代詞: mine ours yours hers his its theirs
2.形容詞和副詞的比較級
(1) 一般在形容詞或副詞後+er
older taller longer stronger, etc
(2) 多音節詞前+more
more interesting, etc.
(3) 雙寫最後一個字母,再+er
bigger fatter, etc.
(4) 把y變i,再+er
heavier, earlier
(5) 不規則變化:
well-better, much/many-more, etc.
3.可數詞的復數形式
Most nouns + s a book –books
Nouns ending in a consonant +y - y+ ies a story—stories
Nouns ending in s, sh, ch or x + es a glass—glasses a watch-watches
Nouns ending in o +s or +es a piano—pianos a mango—mangoes
Nouns ending in f or fe - f or fe +ves a knife –knives a shelf-shelves
4.不可數名詞(單復數形式不變)
bread, rice, water ,juice etc.
5. 縮略形式
I』m = I am you』re = you are she』s = she is he』s = he is
it』s = it is who』s =who is can』t =can not isn』t=is not etc
6. a/an
a book, a peach
an egg an hour
7. Preposition:
on, in ,in front of, between, next to, near, beside, at, behind.
表示時間: at six o』clock, at Christmas, at breakfast
on Monday on 15th July On National Day
in the evening in December in winter
8. 基數詞和序數詞
one – first two-second twenty-twentieth
9. Some /any
I have some toys in my bedroom.
Do you have any brothers or sisters?
10. be 動詞
(1) Basic form: am/are/is
(2) 肯定和否定句 I am(not) from London.
My eyes are(not) small.
My hair is(not) long.
(3)一般疑問句: Am I a Chniese? Yes, you are. No, you aren』t.
Are they American? Yes, they are. No, they aren』t.
Is the cat fat? Yes, it is. No, it isn』t.
11. there be 結構
肯定句: There is a …
There are …
一般疑問句:Is there …? Yes, there is./ No, there isn』t.
Are there…? Yes, there are. /No, there aren』t.
否定句: There isn』t …. There aren』t….
12. 祈使句
Sit down please
Don』t sit down, please.
13. 現在進行時.通常用「now」.
形式: be + verb +ing
eg: I am(not) doing my homework.
You/We/They are(not) reading.
He/She/It is(not) eating.
動詞 —ing 的形式
Most verbs +ing walk—walking
Verbs ending in e -e + ing come—coming
Short verbs ending in a vowel + a consonant run –running swim—swimming
14 一般現在時。通常用 「usually, often, every day, sometimes」。
形式:
肯定句:
I go to school on foot every day.
She goes to school on foot every day.
15 選擇疑問句:選擇疑問句是用or連接詢問的兩部分,以供選擇,答案必須是完整的句子或其省略形式,不能用Yes或No回答
一般提出兩種或兩種以上的可能,問對方選擇哪一種.其結構可用一般疑問句,也可用特殊疑問句.供選擇的兩部分用or連接,前者讀升調,後者讀降調.
e.g. Will you go there by bus or by train?
What would you like, coffee or tea?
How many pens do you have, one or two?
選擇疑問句的答語必須是完整的句子或其省略式,不能答yes或no.
e.g. Do you go to school by bus or by bike?
By bus.
Which would you like, tea or coffee? Coffee.
一般疑問句演化來的選擇疑問句
e.g. Is it right or wrong?
Were you or he there?
Are they reading, chatting or watching TV?
特殊疑問句演化來的選擇疑問句
e.g. Which do you like better, coffee or milk?
What color is it, red, blue or yellow?
Where are you going, to the classroom or to the library?
or not構成的選擇疑問句
e.g. Do you want to buy it or not?
Are you ready or not
16.現在進行時(present continuous)是一個動詞時態。
正確的結構是「to be + 動詞的現在分詞 (也就是俗稱ing形式)」。
用於表達現在正在進行的動作。
例:I am doing my homework - 我正在寫作業。
另外,「to be + going + 動詞不定式」這個特殊的結構可表示在未來即將要進行的動作。
例:He is going to tell me tomorrow - 他將在明天告訴我。
Ⅳ 一些英語要點,語法之類。
一、詞類、句子成分和構詞法:
1、詞類:英語詞類分十種:
名詞、形容詞、代詞、數詞、冠詞、動詞、副詞、介詞、連詞、感嘆詞。
1、名詞(n.): 表示人、事物、地點或抽象概念的名稱。如:boy, morning, bag, ball, class, orange.
2、代詞(pron.): 主要用來代替名詞。如:who, she, you, it .
3、形容詞(adj..):表示人或事物的性質或特徵。如:good, right, white, orange .
4、數詞(num.): 表示數目或事物的順序。如:one, two, three, first, second, third, fourth.
5、動詞(v.): 表示動作或狀態。如:am, is,are,have,see .
6、副詞(adv.): 修飾動詞、形容詞或其他副詞,說明時間、地點、程度等。如:now, very, here, often, quietly, slowly.
7、冠詞(art..):用在名詞前,幫助說明名詞。如:a, an, the.
8、介詞(prep.): 表示它後面的名詞或代詞與其他句子成分的關系。如in, on, from, above, behind.
9、連詞(conj.): 用來連接詞、短語或句子。如and, but, before .
10、感嘆詞(interj..)表示喜、怒、哀、樂等感情。如:oh, well, hi, hello.
2、句子成分:英語句子成分分為七種:主語、謂語、賓語、定語、狀語、表語、賓語補足語。
1、主語是句子所要說的人或事物,回答是「誰」或者「什麼」。通常用名詞或代詞擔任。如:I』m Miss Green.(我是格林小姐)
2、謂語動詞說明主語的動作或狀態,回答「做(什麼)」。主要由動詞擔任。如:Jack cleans the room every day. (傑克每天打掃房間)
3、表語在系動詞之後,說明主語的身份或特徵,回答是「什麼」或者「怎麼樣」。通常由名詞、代詞或形容詞擔任。如:My name is Ping ping .(我的名字叫萍萍)
4、賓語表示及物動詞的對象或結果,回答做的是「什麼」。通常由名詞或代詞擔任。如:He can spell the word.(他能拼這個詞)
有些及物動詞帶有兩個賓語,一個指物,一個指人。指物的叫直接賓語,指人的叫間接賓語。間接賓語一般放在直接賓語的前面。如:He wrote me a letter . (他給我寫了一封信)
有時可把介詞to或for加在間接賓語前構成短語,放在直接賓語後面,來強調間接賓語。如:He wrote a letter to me . (他給我寫了一封信)
5、定語修飾名詞或代詞,通常由形容詞、代詞、數詞等擔任。如:
Shanghai is a big city .(上海是個大城市)
6、狀語用來修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞,通常由副詞擔任。如:He works hard .(他工作努力)
7、賓語補足語用來說明賓語怎麼樣或干什麼,通常由形容詞或動詞充當。如:They usually keep their classroom clean.(他們通常讓教室保持清潔) / He often helps me do my lessons.(他常常幫我做功課)
☆同位語通常緊跟在名詞、代詞後面,進一步說明它的情況。如:Where is your classmate Tom ?(你的同學湯姆在哪裡?)
3、構詞法:英語構詞法主要有:合成法、派生法和轉換法。
1、合成法:如:spaceship, headache, basketball, playground等等。
2、派生法:
(1)派生名詞:①動詞+er/or ②動詞+ing ③動詞+(t)ion ④形容詞+ness ⑤其他,如:inventor, learner, swimming, congratulation, kindness, carelessness, knowledge
(2)派生形容詞:①名詞+y ②名詞+ful ③動詞+ing/ed ④friendly ⑤dangerous ⑥Chinese; Japanese ⑦English ⑧French ⑨German ⑩國名+(i)an 如:snowy, sunny, hopeful, beautiful, interesting, follwing, daily(每日的),nervous, delicious
(3)派生副詞:①形容詞+ly ②其它,如:slowly, angrily, full→fully, good→well, possible→possibly
3、轉換法:
(1)形容詞→動詞,如:dry(乾燥的)→dry(弄乾), clean(干凈的)→clean(打掃,弄乾凈),等等。
(2)動詞→名詞,如:look, walk, rest, work, study, swim, go, talk等等。
(3)名詞→動詞,如:hand(手)→(傳遞),face(臉)→(面對)等等。
(4)形容詞→副詞,如:early→early, fast→fast等等。
(5)副詞→連詞,如:when(什麼時候)→(當……時候),等等。
(6)介詞→副詞,如:in(到……里)→(在裡面;在家),on(在…上)→(進行,繼續),等等。
二、名詞:
1、英語名詞可分專有名詞和普通名詞兩大類:
1、專有名詞是個別的人、地、物、團體、機構等的專用名稱。
專有名詞中實詞的第一個字母要大寫。
如:Beijing, Tom, the People』s Republic of China(中華人民共和國)
專有名詞如果是含有普通名詞的短語,則必須使用定冠詞the。如:the Great Wall(長城)
姓氏名如果採用復數形式,則表示該姓氏一家人(復數含義),如:the Greens( 格林一家人)。
2、普通名詞是許多人或事物的共有名稱。如:pupil, family, man, foot.
普通名詞又分為可數名詞和不可數名詞。
▲可數名詞是可以用簡單的數詞進行計數的名詞,如: box, child, orange;
▲不可數名詞是不可以用簡單的數詞進行計數的名詞。如:water, news, oil, population, information .
2、英語可數名詞的單復數:英語可數名詞有單數和復數兩種形式。
1、名詞由單數變復數的基本方法如下:
①在單數名詞詞尾加s。如:map → maps,boy→ boys,horse→ horses, table→ tables.
②s,o,x ,sh,ch結尾的詞加es.如:class→classes, box→boxes, hero→heroes, dish→dishes, bench→benches.
[注]:少數以o結尾的詞,變復數時只加s。如:photo→photos, piano→pianos.
③以輔音字母加y結尾的名詞,變y為i,再加es。如:family→families, city→cities, party→parties.
④以f或fe結尾的名詞,變f或fe為v,再加es。如:shelf→shelves, wolf→wolves, life→lives, knife→knives.
2、不規則變化:man→men, woman→women, sheep→sheep,tooth→teeth, fish→fish, child→children, ox→oxen, goose→geese
不可數名詞一般沒有復數形式,說明其數量時,要用有關計量名詞。如:a bag of rice→two bags of rice, a piece of paper→three pieces of paper, a bottle of milk→five bottles of milk.
3、名詞所有格:
1、 名詞所有格表示所屬關系,相當於物主代詞,在句中作定語、賓語或主語。其構成法如下:
(1)表示人或其它有生命的東西的名詞常在詞尾加』s。如:Childern』s Day(兒童節), my sister』s book(我姐姐的書)
(2)以s或es結尾的復數名詞。只在詞尾加』。如:Teachers』 Day(教師節)
(3)有些表示時間、距離以及世界、國家、城鎮等無生命的名詞,也可在詞尾加』s. 如:
today』s newspaper(今天的報紙), ten minutes』 break(十分鍾的課間休息),
China』s population(中國的人口).
(4)無論表示有生命還是無生命的東西的名詞,一般均可用介詞of短語來表示所有關系。如:
a fine daughter of the Party(黨的好女兒).
2、[註解]:
① 『s還可以表示某人的家或者某個店鋪,如:my aunt』s(我阿姨家), the doctor』s(診所)
② 兩人共有某物時,可以採用 A and B』s 的形式,如:Lucy and Lily』s bedroom(露西和麗麗合住的卧室)
③ 「of+名詞所有格/名詞性物主代詞」,稱為雙重所有格,如:a friend of my father』s(我父親的一位朋友), a friend of mine(我的一位朋友)
4、名詞或代詞作主語時和謂語之間的單復數的一致問題:
1、謂語和謂語基本保持單復數的一致,即:主語是可數名詞單數或不可數名詞時,謂語動詞用單數形式:如:The computer was a great invention.(計算機是個了不起的發明)
2、集體名詞(如family, class, team, group, row, police, school等)做句子主語時,
①如果表示整體概念,則謂語用單數形式,如:Class Three is a very good class.(三班是好班)
②如果表示其中的所有成員時,則謂語用復數形式,如:Class Three have a map of China.(三
班有張中國地圖)3、Chinese, Japanese, fish, sheep, people等表示單個時謂語用單數,表示許多時,謂語用復數。如:There is a sheep in the yard.(院子里有隻綿羊) / There are some sheep in the yard.(院子里有一些綿羊)4、maths, news等雖然有s結尾,但不是復數,因此謂語仍用單數:The news is very exciting. (這個消息令人興奮)
5、glasses, shoes, socks, trousers, gloves等名詞往往用復數形式,故謂語用復數。如:
The trousers are very cheap and I want to take them.(褲子很便宜,我想買)
6、a lot of 後跟名詞復數時謂語用復數形式,跟不可數名詞時謂語用單數形式。如:A lot of students are playing baseball now.(現在有許多學生在打壘球) A lot of time was wasted on that work.(大量的時間花在了那個工作上)(被動句)
7、and 連接兩個名詞做主語時,謂語原則上用復數,但是兩個名詞若構成一個整體事物時,謂語則用單數。如:The teacher and his son are picking apples now.(老師和他的兒子在摘蘋果) / Fish and chips is very famous food. (魚和薯條是一種出名的食品)
8、 there be 句型中be的單復數一般由靠近的名詞決定。如:There is a table and four chairs in the room.(房間里有一張桌子和四張椅子)
9、用both…and…連接兩個事物做主語時,謂語一般用復數。如:Both you and I are required to be here tomorrow.(你和我明天要求都來)
10、主語中含有with的短語時,謂語單復數由with之前的人物決定。如:A woman with a 7-year-old child was standing at the side of the road. (一名婦女帶著一個七歲的孩子(當時)就站在路邊)
11、either…or…或者 neither…nor…連接兩個人物做句子主語時,謂語採用就近原則。如:Either you or he is right.(要麼是你對,要麼是他對。/你和他有一個人是對的) / Neither you nor I am going there.(你和我都不打算去那裡)
12、表示一段時間或長度概念的復數名詞做主語時,謂語一般用單數。如:Two months is not a short time.(兩個月不是個短時間)Two thousand kilometers is quite a long distance(距離).(兩千千米是相當長的一段距離)
13、主語中含有half of… / (three quarters)of… / all (of) the ….等詞語時,謂語的單復數由名詞確定,如:Over three quarters of the information on the Internet is in English.(網際網路上四分之三以上的信息是用英語寫的) / A third of the students were playing near the lake.(學生的三分之一(當時)正在湖邊玩耍) / All of the water in these rivers has been polluted.(這些河流中的水已經被污染了)(被動句)
但是,population一詞又有特殊情況: What』s the population of China?(中國人口是多少?)(句子用單數) / Three quarters of the population in this city are Arabs(阿拉伯人).(這個城市四分之三的人口是阿拉伯人)(句子用復數)
5、部分名詞用法辨析:
1、sport、game、match、race 的區別:sport通常指「戶外運動」,以鍛煉為主,概念較大;game意思是「運動、比賽」,不管戶內戶外還是腦力體力,指以勝負為主的運動;match意為「競賽、比賽」,多指正式比賽;race主要表示「賽跑、賽馬、賽車」。如:People all around the world enjoy sports.(全世界的人都喜愛運動) / The 2008 Olympic Games will be held in Beijing.(2008奧運會將在北京舉行)(被動句) / Our school football team won the league match(聯賽).(我們學校足球隊取得了聯賽冠軍) / They were strong and won the boat race.(湯他們很棒,贏得了劃艇比賽)
2、festival、holiday、vacation的區別:festival「節日」,指喜慶的日子或持續一段時間的文娛活動;holiday(假日、休息日),指法定假日或風俗習慣,復數可以表示一個較長的假期;vacation「假期」,指學習或工作中一段長時間的休息。如:The Shanghai Television Festival will be held next month.(上海電視節將在下個月舉行) / Sunday is a holiday and most people do not work.(星期天是個假日,多數人不工作) / What are you going to do ring the summer vacation/holidays?(在暑期你打算做什麼事情?)
3、journey、tour、trip、travel的區別:journey指在陸地上(或海上或空中)進行的長途旅行,不知終點,含有辛苦的意思;tour指途中作短期逗留的巡迴旅行,強調游覽多處,常用來指觀光等;trip通常指往返定時的短途旅行,如出差度假等;travel多指長期或長途的觀光旅行,尤其指到國外,沒有明確目的地,也作不可數名詞,指旅行這一行為。如:He made up his mind to make the journey to Dunhuang.(他拿定主意要去敦煌旅行)/ He has gone on a walking tour.(他步行觀光去了) / He took several trips to Shanghai last yeaar.(去年他去了上海好幾次) / Did you go to Santiago(聖地亞哥) ring your travels?(旅行期間你去聖地亞哥了嗎?) / Travelling through thick forests is dangerous.(在密林里邊穿行是很危險的)
4、sound、noise、voice的區別:sound指各種聲音;noise主要指「噪音」;voice指人的「嗓音」。如:The noise of the street kept me awake in the night.(街上的喧囂聲讓我徹夜難眠) / All of a sudden there was the sound of shots and a cry.(突然間傳來幾聲槍響和一聲尖叫) / The singer has lost her ringing voice as a result of a bad cold.(因為感冒的緣故,這個歌唱家失去了她銀鈴般的嗓音)
5、fish的問題:指許多條魚且不管種類時,用fish,單復數相同;fishes 指許多種類的魚;fish指「魚肉」時是不可數名詞。如:There are many kinds of fishes in the pool. (池子里有很多種類的魚)/ I prefer fish to meat.(與肉相比我更喜歡魚)
三、代詞:
1、代詞的分類:英語中代詞分為:人稱代詞、物主代詞、反身代詞、指示代詞、關系代詞、疑問代詞、連接代詞和不定代詞等等。
2、人稱代詞:人稱代詞代替人和事物的名稱,分為主格和賓格兩種形式。
第一人
稱單數 第二人
稱單數 第三人稱單數 第一人稱復數 第二人稱復數 第三人稱復數
陽性 陰性 中性
主
格 I
(我) you (你) he
(他) she
(她) it
(它) we
(我們) you
(你們) they (他們,她們,它們)
賓
格 me
(我) you (你) him
(他) her
(她) it
(她) us
(我們) you
(你們) them (他們,她們,它們)
1、主格用來作句子的主語、表語。如: I often go shopping on Sundays.(星期天我常去購物) / Are they from Brazil?(他們是巴西人嗎?) / Where have they gone?(他們上哪兒去了?) / That』s it.(就那麼回事) / It』s he!(是他!)
2、賓格用來作及物動詞或者介詞的賓語。如:Who teaches you English this year?(今年誰教你們的英語?) / Help me!(救救我!) / We often write letters to her.(我們常給他寫信)
3、人稱代詞作表語或者放在比較狀語從句連詞than或as之後時,可以用主格形式,也可以用賓格形式,口語中大多用賓格。如:--Who is it?(是誰?) –It』s I/me.(是我。)
4、 三個不同人稱同時出現,或者主語中包含「我」時,按照「you→he→I」的順序表達。如:
Both he and I are working at that computer company.(我和他都在那家電腦公司上班) –Who will go there?(誰要去那兒?) –You and me.(你和我)
5、 人稱代詞it除了可以指人指物之外,還可以表示「時間、天氣、溫度、距離、情況」等含義,此外還可以作「非人稱代詞」使用,替代作主語或者賓語的不定式、動名詞或者名詞性從句。如:--What』s the weather like today?(今天天氣怎樣?)—It』s fine.(天氣晴好) / --What』s the time?(幾點啦?) –It』s 12:00.(12點) / It』s a long way to go.(那可要走好長的路) / It took him three days to clean his house.(打掃屋子花了他三天的時間) / It is very clear that the public want to know when these men can go into space.(很顯然,公眾想知道這些人什麼時候能進入太空) / We found it very difficult to learn a foreign language well.(我們發覺要學好一門外語是非常困難的)
3、物主代詞:說明事物所屬關系的代詞,分為形容詞性和名詞性兩種。
第一人
稱單數 第二人
稱單數 第三人稱單數 第一人稱復 數 第二人稱復數 第三人稱復數
陽性 陰性 中性
形容
詞性 my
(我的) your
(你的) his
(他的) her
(她的) its
(它的) our
(我們的) your
(你們的) their (他們的,她們的,它們的)
名詞
性 mine
(我的) Yours
(你的) his
(他的) hers
(她的) its
(她的) ours
(我們的) yours
(你們的) theirs(他們的,她們的,它們的)
1、形容詞性物主代詞只能作句子中名詞的修飾語,後面要跟名詞。如:
Is that your umbrella?(那是你的傘嗎?) / I often go to see my aunt on Sundays.(我經常在星期天去看望阿姨) / They are their books.(是他們的書)
2、名詞性物主代詞相當於名詞,既代替事物又表明所屬關系,在句子中往往獨立地作主語、賓語或者表語,後面千萬不可以跟名詞。如:
This is your cup,but where is mine?(這是你的杯子,可我的在哪兒?) / Your classroom is very big, but ours is rather small.(你們的教室很大,我們的相當小)
3、「of + 名詞性物主代詞」稱為雙重所有格,作定語時放在名詞的後面。如:
A friend of mine came to see me yesterday.(我的一個朋友昨天來看我了) (指若干朋友中有一個來看我。)
[試比較] My friend came to see me yesterday.(我的朋友昨天來看我了)(指我的那個特定的朋友來看我。)
Ⅵ 初中英語要點有哪些
你是說具體的還是籠統的?
我覺得最重要的還是那九種時態
1、一般現在時:主語+V(原形)
2、一般過去時:主語+V(過去式)
3、一般將來時:主語+will+V(原形)/主語+be going to+V(原形)
(也可以用現在進行時表一般將來時)
4、現在進行時:主語+be+V-ing
5、過去進行時:主語+was/were+V-ing
6、現在完成時:主語+have/has+V(過去分詞)
7、過去將來時:主語+would+V(原形)
8、過去完成時:主語+had+V(過去分詞)
9、現在完成進行時,只不過這種時態考的很少
另外還有被動語態也很重要:be+done(過去分詞)
初中英語大概就是圍繞這些大框架展開去學的,要說具體的話就有很多了,你也可以追問我。
Ⅶ 要點 的英語怎麼說
要點 [簡明漢英詞典]
outline
point
main
essential
gist
kernel
cruces
nub
nubbin
Ⅷ 英語寫作及翻譯要點
英語寫作的要點:三段式,正反兩方面觀點,自己的想法;固定的模板,靈活的使用同義詞,確保沒有錯詞,語法沒有錯誤就行了,高分基本就行了。
翻譯我覺得toints說得挺好的。
Ⅸ 你要點什麼翻譯成英語
餐廳里說:May
I
take
your
order?商場,賣場里說:May
I
help
you?千萬不能說What
do
you
want,加上please也不行,讓人感覺很生硬,不友好,感覺在質問別人:你想幹嘛,而且也不地道。
信不信由你。謝謝。