小學五年級英語語法
㈠ 小學五年級英語語法知識點總結
一、名詞單復數規則:
1. 復數形式用於:How many後面;some/any/many/a lot of/ two, three…後面;these/those後面;all the後面;between後面跟一種物體時,這個物體用復數;like後面。
2. 名詞復數變化規則:
(1)一般直接+s:bears,students。
(2)以 ch結尾,加es:bus-buses, box-boxes。
(3)以「輔音字母+y」結尾,把y變為i, 再加ies:library—libraries hobby---hobbies story---stories。
(4)不規則名詞復數:man-men,woman-women,policeman-policemen, foot-feet, Child-children。
3. 不可數名詞:water, soup, milk, juice, tea, coffee, bread(麵包), rice(米飯), hair等等。
二、動詞第三人稱單數變化:
1. 常用於:人稱代詞he, she, it作主語時;單個人名、地名或稱呼作主語時;單數可數名詞或 "this / that / the+單數可數名詞" 作主語時;不可數名詞作主語時;當數字或字母作主語時。
2. 動詞變化規則:(1)一般情況下,動詞後面直接加 如:works / plays/ reads;(2)以 ch 或o結尾的動詞,在後面加:teach-teaches, watch-watches, do-does, go-goes;(3)以輔音字母+y結尾的動詞, 把 y變為i, 再加:study- studies fly-flies carry-carries;(4)不規則動詞的第三人稱單數:have—has;be—is。
三、人稱代詞、名詞所有格及序數詞:
1. 主格用作主語,例如:They are。
2. 賓格用作賓語,例如:in front of her show her around push me teach you What』s wrong with him? write him a letter。
3. 形容詞性物主代詞+名詞,例如:mother』s,parents』。
4. 名詞所有格表示所屬關系,例如:mother』s,parents』。
5. 序數詞first---second---third---fourth:一般要與the連用;在某一層樓用介詞on。
四、選擇和用所給詞適當形式填空:
1. 動詞原形使用情況:(1) want to +動詞原形;(2)would like to +動詞原形;(3)it』s time to +動詞原形;(4)情態動詞can+動詞原形;(5)助動詞(do, does , don』t, doesn』t)+動詞原形;(6)let+動詞原形;(7)祈使句中動詞用原形。
2. 動詞ing形式使用情況:(1)like;(2)go;(3)be good at;(4)be;(5)後面跟名詞,如swimming lesson。
動詞+ing變化規則:(A)直接加上ing:draw-drawing play-playing read-reading;(B)以不發音的e結尾,去e加上ing:skate-skating make-making dance-dancing;(C)以重讀閉音節結尾的單詞要雙寫尾字母,再加上ing:run-running sit-sitting put-putting chat-chatting;get-getting swim-swimming stop-stopping shop-shopping。
形容詞加名詞(形名) 如: a beautiful girl;動詞加副詞(動副) 如: swim well。
和any用法:some用於肯定句,any用於否定句和疑問句。但在一些表示委婉請求,想得到對方肯定回答時也用some。
be 結構就近原則, be動詞的選擇取決於緊跟在後面的名詞數量。
樂器前加the, 球類前不加 如:play the piano, play football。
Who當作特殊的第三人稱單數 (Who sings well? )。
五、句型轉換:
①同義句:It』s time for sth= It』s time to do 該是…時間了;What time is it?=What』s the time? 幾點呢?There is(are) no…(s)…=There isn』t / aren』t any… 沒有…;have no…= don』t have(any)沒有…;They have no legs or =They don』t have any legs or ;has no = doesn』t have (any)沒有…;I like = I like having {註:like後面跟名詞復數或動名詞(動詞+ing)};show sth (某物) to sb(某人) = show sb (某物) sth(某人) 向…展示…東西;give sth(某物) to sb(某人)=give sb (某物) sth(某人) 給…人…東西;What a lovely ant!= How lovely the ant is! 多麼可愛的螞蟻啊!That is Jan』s That umbrella is Jan』 那是傑的傘;What』s wrong with him? = What』s the matter with him? 他怎麼了?
②否定句:1、有be動詞,be後直接加not (am not/ is not=isn』t/ are not =aren』t);2、有can,can後直接加not (can not=can』t);3、只有動詞,在動詞原形前加don』t;三單動詞前加doesn』t, 動詞變回原形。
③一般疑問句: 用Yes或No回答的句子:1、有be動詞,be動詞提前;2、有can或would,can或would提前;3、只有動詞,句首加Do/ Does, 動詞用原形;注意:I』m 變Are you ; some變any; my變your; and變or .
④特殊疑問句:有特殊疑問詞+一般疑問句:What a lovely ant!= How lovely the ant is! 多麼可愛的螞蟻啊!對劃線提問,疑問詞:What問什麼;What colour 問顏色;What time 問具體時間(如幾點鍾);when 問范圍廣的時間;where 問在哪裡;How old問年齡;how many 問數量(可數名詞) ;how much 1)問數量(不可數名詞),2)問價錢;how about 問怎樣;who 問誰(人 );whose問誰的東西(問主人)。
六、同音詞與近義詞與反義詞:
同音詞:B—be—bee, C—see—sea, R—are, T—tea, U—you, Y—why, I-eye, too-two-to, four—for, here—hear, there—their, right—write, sun—son, no—know, pair—pear, it』s—its, buy—by—bye, hi—high, wear—where, aren』t—aunt, who』s—whose,
近義詞(或同義詞):Many—lots of—a lot of, desk—table, like—love, tall—high near—beside,
反義詞(或對應詞):yes—no, this—that, these—those, here—there, go—come, open—close, big—small, fat—thin, tall—short, long—short, black—white, happy—sad, hot—cold, cool—warm, soft—hard, on—under, in front of—behind, in—out, boy—girl, man—woman, wrong—right, down—up, sit—stand, easy—difficult, take off(脫下) —put on(穿上)
完整形式:I』m—I am, we』re—we are, you』re—you are, he』s—he is, it』s—it is, there』s—there is, isn』t—is not who』s—who is, Let』s—let us, I』d—I would, can』t—can not, don』t—do not, doesn』t—does not
特殊的名詞復數:man—men, woman—women, policeman—policemen, child—children, foot—feet, fish—fish, people—people, Chinese-Chinese。
七、動詞變名詞:
一般情況下在動詞後面直接加er:teach-teacher , work—worker, play —player, sing —singer, find —finder。
以e結尾的動詞直接加r:write —writer, drive—driver, come —comer, dance—dancer。
符合重讀閉音節的動詞,先雙寫最後一個字母,再加er:run—runner, begin—beginner, swim—swimmer。
部分單詞在詞尾加or:visit —visitor, act—actor。
本身既是動詞又是名詞:cook—cook, doctor—doctor。
八、文化板塊知識:
U1: Coffee is popular in Western Tea is popular in 。
咖啡在西方國家受歡迎。 茶在中國受歡迎。
U2: In the UK, this is the ground In the US, this is the first 。
在英國,這是一樓。 在美國,這是一樓。
U3: You can see pandas in You can see bald eagles in the 。
你在中國可以看到熊貓。 你在美國能看到禿鷹。
You can see polar bears in You can see kangaroos in
你在加拿大能看到北極熊。 你在澳大利亞能看到袋鼠。
U5: In the US, we call a policeman a 「cop」. In the UK, we call a firefighter a 「fireman」.
在美國,我們稱呼警察為cop。 在英國,我們稱呼消防隊員為fireman。
U6: We write Chinese addresses like 我們這樣書寫中文地址。
(國名—地名—人名,由大到小)
We write English addresses like 我們這樣書寫英文地址。
( 人名—地名—國名,由小到大)
U7: Basketball is very popular in the Football is very popular in the
籃球在美國很受歡迎。 足球在英國很受歡迎。
Table tennis is very popular in
乒乓球在中國很受歡迎。