英語研究論文

⑴ 關於英語研究性學習論文的(急~~~~~)跪求~~~

了解文化差異，走出交際誤區
文化，作為一個專門術語，富有彈性。有人把文化說成是一種復雜的社會現 象，19世紀英國人類學家泰勒 （Edward Tylor）在《原始文化》一書中，給文 化下了一個比較經典的定義："文化是一個復合體，其中包括 知識、信仰、藝 術、法律、道德、風俗以及人作為社會成員而獲得的任何其他能力和習慣。"交 際的過程是人 們運用語言知識和社會文化知識傳遞信息的過程，所以學習語言 與了解語言所反映的文化背景知識是分不開的 。了解英語文化知識，有助於交 際暢通並有效地進行。相反，缺乏了解英語文化背景知識必然導致交際障礙， 沖 突和誤解，也就是我們所說的"語用失誤（Pragmatic Failure）。 "本文所談 的不是因為語法結構出錯而 導致的詞不達意，而且指說話方式的不妥，或不符 合表達的習慣，或說得不合時宜。說話人未能按照英美人的 社會風俗習慣來交 談所造成的失誤，本文試圖談談日常交際中出現的誤區。

一、打招呼

中國人之間彼此較為熟悉的人見面問候時，一般採用下列用語："上哪 去？"、 "吃過了嗎？ "如果把 這些問候的話直譯成英語（即：Where are you going? Have you eaten yet?"）。 英美人可能會茫然，困惑 ，有時也可能引起 誤解。不了解漢文化習俗的外國人並不會認為這是一種起交際作用的問候語， 比 如：問對方 ："Have you eatenyet?"對方可能認為這不是單純的見面問候的 話，而會誤認為你可能發出對他／（她） 的邀請。又如"Where are you going?" 很可能引起對方的不快， 所以他／（她）對這一問話的反應極有 可能是： "It'snone of your business.（你管得著嗎？"）。英美人的問候一般用"Good morning／aftern oon／evening（早上好、下午好、晚上好）""How do you do? （您好！）""Nice to meet you. （見到你 很高興）""How are you doing? （你最近好嗎？ ）。 在關系親密者之間可用"Hello"或"Hi"

二、稱呼

在英美國家，人們相互間稱呼與我國的習慣相差極大。有些稱呼在中國人看 來有悖情理，不禮貌，沒教養 。比如：小孩子不把爺爺奶奶稱作grandpa和 grandma，而是直呼其名，卻是得體，親切的，年輕人稱老年人， 可在其姓氏前 加Mr、Mrs或Miss。比如：Mr Smith、Mrs Smith、Miss Alice等。在漢語里， 我們可以用"老師 、書記、經理、工程師、廠長"等詞與姓氏連用作稱呼語， 而 在英語中卻不能， 我們不能說"teacher Zhan g（張老師），"engineer Wu（吳 工程師）等。正確的說法是應按照英美人的習慣把Mr、Mrs、Miss 與姓（名 ） 連用表示尊敬或禮貌。

中國人稱呼家庭成員、親戚或鄰居時，往往用"大哥"、"二姐"、"大嫂"、 "李大伯"之類，這些稱 呼不可用於英語。用英語稱呼時不論男人還是女人， 一般直呼其名就行了。

三、寒暄

中國人見面寒暄通常是："你多大年紀？""你能掙多少錢？""結婚了 嗎？"。在英語文化中，年齡、 地址、工作單位、收入、婚姻、家庭情況、信 仰等話題屬個人隱私范疇，忌諱別人問及。英美人寒暄最頻繁的 話題是天氣的 狀況或預測。如"It's fine isn't it? "或"It's raining hard， isn't it?""Your d ress is so nice!"等等。漢語里的寒暄有時還表示對對方的關 心。如："你今天氣色不好，生病了？」「好 久不見，你又長胖了。""你又瘦 了，要注意身體啊。"人們不會為此生氣。 英美人如果聽到你說："You are fat "或"You are so thin."即使彼此間較熟悉，也會感到尷尬，難以回答， 因為這是不禮貌的。

另外，在思維方式上，中國學生習慣用漢語的語義結構來套用英語。如：打 電話時，中國學生習慣說：" Hello who are you please? "而英美人的習慣 是接到電話先報自己的號碼或單位、公司的名稱。如：

A:Hello 8403229

B:Hello, thisis Tom. Could I speak to Jim,please? 打電話的套話，必 須這樣用。

四、贊揚與祝賀

當英美國家的人向我們中國人表示贊揚或祝賀時，我們即使心裡高興，嘴上 難免要謙虛一番。這大概是我 們中國人認為"謙虛"是一種美德的緣故，認為 不這樣，就是對別人的不敬。例如：一位外國旅遊者對導游小 姐說："Your English is quite fluent. （你英語說得很流利） 。"這位導游小姐謙虛地回 答："No,no M y English is very poor.（不，不，我的英語講得不好）。"對 於中國人的謙虛回答， 英美人會誤解為對方 對自己的判斷力表示懷疑。又如： 在一次舞會上，一位美國人贊揚一位中國女士說："You look beautiful t oday （你今天很漂亮）。"這位中國女士謙虛地說："Where（哪裡）、Where（哪裡）。" 幸虧這位美國人懂 一點漢語習慣，非常巧妙地說了一句："Every-where （到 處）。"根據英美人的習慣，當他們贊揚別人時， 總希望別人以道謝或爽快接受 的方式作答，而不希望以謙虛、客氣的方式作答。對於上面兩位的贊揚，恭維話 ， 英美人的回答是："Thank you! ""Thank you for saying so."

五、道別

英漢語言中告別的使用語言或方式也不大相同。中國人道別時，把客人送到 門口或樓下大門口，甚至馬路 上，客人對主人說："請留步"，主人最後要說： "走好"、"慢走"、"再來啊"等等。這些話都不能直譯 成英語，如果說Stay here，Go slowly，Walk slowly. Comeagain聽起來不順耳，也不符合英美人的 習慣， 其實， 微微一笑並作個表示再見的手勢或說：「Good-bye（再見），See you later （回頭見）、So long. Take care（再見，保重）就可以了。

六、比喻用語

比喻是一種修辭手段。日常生活中，常借用動物或顏色的特徵來形容人之特 性的詞語，但這類比喻往往因 語言、文化背景的不同而具有不同的含義。在英 語中dog （狗）的形象一般不差， 常可泛指人， 如：You ar e a lucky dog （你可真是個幸運兒）。Everyone has his day（每人在一生中皆有得意之日）。 在漢語里， 用狗比喻人多帶貶意，如"走狗"、"賴皮狗"、"狗東西"、"狗 咬呂洞賓、不識好人心"等。另外，由於 環境、歷史和文化的不同，在表示相 似的比喻或象徵意義時，英語和漢語會使用完全不同的顏色詞，例如：bl ue pictures （黃色電影）、the blue-eye boy（紅人）、to be green-eyed（眼紅、 嫉妒）。green hand （ 沒有經驗的人）、in the black（不欠債）、 grey mare （母老虎）、white harvest（晚秋時節的收獲）等。

七、其他社會禮節

中國人使用"謝謝你"遠不及英美人那樣頻繁。中國只有在別人提供了大量 的幫助時，才說："謝謝"， 而且是真正表示謝意。英美人無論是家庭成員之 間，還是上下級之間，上下輩之間，為了一件小事，甚至是份 內之事都需說： "Thank you "這里"謝謝你"只是習慣性的回答，並不表示多大的謝意。例如： 在給英美人 上對外漢語課時，每次上完課後，英美學生習慣說："Thank you"。 如果回答"Thank you"，中國人往往說 ："這是我應該做的。"把這句話直譯 成"It's my ty"，就不會讓英美學生聽起來那麼愉快，因為「It's my ty"的含意是：我本不想做，但這是我的職責，所以不得不做。"這 與漢語表達的原意有很大出入，適 當的回答應是"It's a pleasure（我很樂意）， Don't mentien it（沒什麼）或You're welcome（不用謝）。 "

英語中的"Please"並不完全相當於漢語中的"請"，在某些場合表示 "請"不宜用英語"please"。比 如：讓別人先進門或先上下車時，一般都說 "After you（你先請）"。在餐桌上請人吃飯吃菜， 喝酒或請人 吸煙時，一 般用Help yourself，而不用please。如果生病， 到醫院看病應說"Go to see the doctor（看病 ）。"

因此，我們在學習英語時，應了解它的文化背景知識以及社會風俗習慣，隨 時將它與我們的母語進行對比 ，使自己自覺意識到不規范語言產生的根源和避 免方法，進而增強使用規范語言的意識。

⑵ 英語畢業論文

How Economic Development From 1950-2000 Affected the Environment

The economic development from 1950-2000 affected the environment by the
increase in population, instrialization started, and the shortage of nonrenewable
energy sources. Pollution, instrialization, and nonrenewable energy sources had
important affects on the environment.
The most important issue that was worried about was the increase in
population. United Nation estimates suggested that the global population would
double to more than 10 billion by the middle of the 21st century. The areas where the
population would most likely increase are Africa, Asia, and Latin America. When
these country becomes too populated, it would put a big strain on their water, land,
energy, and other natural resources needed for survival. . The increase in population
means that more forest and rain forest will be destroyed to make more room for the
people to live. Destroying rain forests are bad because for example, the Amazon rain
forest alone proces 40% of the world's oxygen. Another important issue was
instrialization
There are now a lot of instries around the world but even though there are so
many, it is a big burden to the environment. The air, ocean, and the art become
polluted by instrial waste proct. The thin gaseous layer in the upper atmosphere
protects the earth from the dangerous ultraviolet rays of the sun. If the ozone layer is
destroyed, 200,000 people in the United States alone may die from diseases related to
ultraviolet radiation. The burning of gasoline and coal proces carbon dioxide that,
over time, has settled in a layer in the earth's upper atmosphere. This creates a
situation know as greenhouse effect. The greenhouse effect is a situation in which an
excess of carbon dioxide in the earth's upper atmosphere lets the sun's rays through
but traps heat close to the earth's surface. The scarcity of energy resources is also a big
problem.
Nonrenewable energy resources might run out. This might occur because of the
increase and demand in oil which is the basic necessity we all use. We use oil for
multiple proposes. Since instries use oil and coal a lot it will eventually pollute
everything and will cause acid rain which pollutes the stream where the fishes live and
once there are no fishes, it disrupts the balance of the food chain. Which means that
whoever eats the fishes will have nothing to eat and then pretty soon they will be come
extinct and this goes on and on.
These were some examples of how economic development can led to disasters for the
environment. There might be a smudge of a change that this will not happen, but, it is
pretty guaranteed that those things would happen. Especially is global warming is
already taking place.

1
The Economic Effects of Colonialism
Works Cited Not Included
Economic conditions play a large role in the way in which different
societies interact with each other. The changes in the distribution
of resources, in proction and in trade which colonialism brought
about shape world relations today.

The capitalist system

An important element of any economic system is surplus. There is a
surplus if a society proces more than its basic needs. In some
pre-colonial societies the community proced no surplus - people
proced enough for their subsistence and then used their time for
leisure (Bujra, 1992, p.152).

In some kingdom systems, people were obliged to proce more than they
needed and give the surplus to the provincial ruler. In some cases,
this surplus was used simply to enhance the lifestyle of the ruler or
elite. In others, it was used to provide for people to work in an
army, a justice system, an exchange system or the arts (Bujra, 1992,
p.154).

The type of exchange system also varied. In some societies, trade was
limited to local areas, in others barter was used, while others had
developed a currency and a merchant class, in West Africa for example
(Bujra, 1992, p.156).

The principal difference between these systems and the European system
which evolved ring the instrial revolution was that Europeans
began to use surpluses to improve proction. This is called the
capitalist system. The improvement of proction was not exclusive to
Europe. The Incas of Peru, for example, had organised irrigation
systems to improve agriculture (Bujra, 1992, p.156). However, the
nineteenth century colonisation of African and Asian regions created a
global capitalist system, integrating 「...colonial territories into an
international system of proction and trade」 (Regan, 1991, p.38).
As Europeans controlled the new system, it was organised to direct
surpluses from the third world to improve proction in the first
world. Without this, the transformation of proction processes in
Europe would not have been as great (Bujra, 1992, p.167), and the
Europe of today would not be as instrially developed. European
colonialism can be best understood as 「...the globalisation of the
capitalist mode of proction, it』s penetration of previously
non-capitalist regions of the world, and destruction of pre or
non-capitalist forms of social organisation.」 (Williams and Chrisman,
1993, p.2)

The emergence of present systems of economic organisation

Under colonialism, third world countries were obliged to proce for
European needs as well as for their own in order to obtain currency.
This currency was needed to pay the taxes imposed on them by the
colonisers and to buy European goods (Bernstein, Johnson and Thomas,
1992, p.192). As Europeans took over land and which had previously
not been owned by indivials, and introced property systems, money
was also needed for rent or purchase of land (Bernstein, Johnson and
Thomas, 1992, p.198). In this way, European currency began to be used
in the economies of the third world, some of which had been formally
based on barter. Colonialism was the beginning of the world
currency system prevalent today.

Colonialism effectively created a global economic system. The global
nature of the economic system of today can be seen in it』s 「set of
commercial, banking and monetary institutions」 (Ashworth, 1978, p.194)
which today have huge influence over trade and money. Organisations
such as the 「Bretton Wood institutions」 - the International Monetary
Fund, the World Bank, and the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade
(GATT), now the World Trade Organisation, were set up after the end of
the colonial era, but the economic power obtained through colonialism
enabled first world countries to control them (Coote, 1992, pp.45-47;
Hewitt, 1992, p.223). 「From a Southern perspective, GATT is an
undemocratic and closed institution, dominated by a small number of
developed countries that promote the interests of Northern
multinational corporations」 (Coote, 1992, p.85). During
instrialisation, Europe protected its new instries (Potter, 1992,
p.208), but third world countries are often unable to do this now
under trade rules controlled by the first world. Organisations in
which third world countries have significant power, such as the United
Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) have been unable
to influence the economic system a great deal (Coote, 1992, p.47), and
the UNCTAD 「...is now little more than a North-South debating forum」
(Coote, 1992, p.85).

The world capitalist system created by colonialism continues to be
centred on Western needs. In the 1980s, some third world countries
were unable to pay interest on their debts because of the bad lending
decisions of banks. 「There was a real possibility of losses so heavy
as to weaken the international banking system」 (Ashworth, 1987, p.309)
on which first world countries depend. The world bank』s solution was
the imposition of economic restructuring programs geared towards
first world rather than third world needs (Coote, 1992, pp.34-35).
These caused extreme hardship and poverty in the third world.

As well as governmental power, the influence of Western based business
organisations has it』s origins in the colonial era. Large
trans-national companies control many economic resources and often
have political power as a result (Coote, 1992, p.64; Giddens, 1993,
p.185). 「The power of US finance capital and huge multi-nationals to
direct the flows of capital, commodities, armaments and media
information around the world can have an impact as massive as any
colonial regime」 (McClintock, 1993, p.296).

3
The Economic Boom The economic boom (the period of economic prosperity typically placed
between 1921-1929) was caused by an expansion in instry, which led
to more jobs and an increase in disposable income. Many changes took
place in the 1920's. Growth of mass proction in instry,
technological advances, and the increasing efficiency of labor boasted
a gain in instrial proction by over 60%.

Because of this prosperous economy, the wealth of a typical family
skyrocketed and led to the consumption of more consumer procts. As a
result of an improvement in three factors of proction (machines,
factories, and standardized mass proction), national personal income
rose dramatically, wages were up, workdays and workweeks were shorter,
instrial proction doubled, and there was a steady expansion of
economic growth.

A new name was given to the decade of the 1920's to reflect the
prosperity and the new opportunity presented in the aftermath of World
War I. Under president Warren G. Harding, , who urged a "return to
normalcy" after the war, many conservative policies (especially
regarding taxes, tariffs, immigration restriction, labor rights, and
business regulation) shaped the face of the post-war world. Marked by
corruption and scandal, Harding's administration lasted until his
death from a stroke in August, 1923.

While doing little as Harding's vice president, Calvin Coolidge acted
quickly to repair the damage caused by the Harding scandals and was
easily elected as president in 1924. Some of his popular policies
included cutting federal taxes and maintaining high tariffs..

Before being elected to the presidency in 1928, Hoover had served as
secretary of commerce under both Harding and Coolidge. Helped by the
prevailing prosperity in major areas of the country, Coolidge
continued many of the popular policies upheld by Harding and Coolidge.
Having been in office just a few months when the Great Depression
began, he inevitably lost the election to Franklin D. Roosevelt in
1932.

The stock-and-bond market began to be more active, and by middecade
thousands of Americans who had never invested before were following
the market avidly. In a 1929 study which asked respondents to name the
most prestigious occupation, stockbrokers were the clear choice, far
ahead of physicians or lawyers.

4
Economic Intervention

Every day our government makes economic decisions that affect our country and
ourselves. Some of these decisions are good and benefit our lives greatly;
however, many of our government's decisions, such as where our tax money should
go, are not in our best interests. The Canadian government, although it is
tightening up it's measures now, has been very lax with our hard earned tax
money. Things like government officials receiving unreasonable benefits,
government loans being given out like water, or government subsidizing of
various companies and services that don't need it. These are all indications
that Canada needs less government intervention. One large example of
government over-involvement is in the case of our correctional facilities and
prisons.

Should a person who has broken the law be given better lodgings and better care
than someone who is a law abiding citizen? We see examples such as prisons
being outfitted for the care of inmate's children. This is an area in which
government money is being improperly spent. Money that is being used in these
areas should be being put to better use in areas such as health and welfare.
People who are free and law abiding should be receiving this money to better
their lives not someone who has had no previous respect for the laws of our
country. Most inmates have free access to physical training facilities that
would cost us three hundred to four hundred dollars per year. All inmates are
guaranteed a meal, three time a day, when a large portion of the free
population can barely afford one meal a day. The prison facilities get
thousands of tax-payer dollars to upgrade and maintain suitable environments.
Yet many Canadian citizens who are unemployed, who cannot get work, are living
on the street or in unsuitable shelters. Why should someone in jail get better
benefits than someone trying to make it legally in our society? However, it
seems that our government has a certain affinity to people who break its set
laws. This vast inappropriate spending of taxpayer's dollars should be stopped.
In the near future we should see either proper controls being set on the
amounts of subsidizing prisons receive, or we should see the privatization of
prisons.

Should the Government of Canada be less involved in economic planning between
now and the year 2000? This one example of government overspending can be
applied to many other areas of our government's economic intervention. As
well, this example answers the question very well. Yes, our government should
have less involvement in economic planning between now and the year 2000. I
believe that we should have more say in where our money could best help our
country.

5
The Effect of the Economic Boom on Americans

Dear President Herbert Hoover,

「One of the oldest and perhaps the noblest of human activities has
been the abolition of poverty…we in America today are nearer to final
triumph over poverty than ever before in the history of any
land.」 Herbert Hoover, 1928

In your speech, poverty in America is no longer a major problem, which
is true to a certain extent. Since World War I, American has been the
richest country in the world, American』s economy boomed immensely in
the early 1920s, mainly e to new instries such as cars, telephones
and electric lightings. Average salary increases through out America
and many Americans have cars, radios, telephones and fridges.
Americans are now having a better quality of life than ever before.

As we can see, the average annual instrial wages rose from $1158 (in
1919) to $1304 (in 1927), furthermore, the number of millionaires
increased from 7000 (in 1914) to 35000 (in 1928). The key to
American』s prosperity is foreign trade and new instries, America
exported $500 million worth of goods, while imported 400 million worth
of goods ring 1926-30. As America earning more money, factories
proce more, instrial proction has increased by almost 80% since
1921. Less people are now living in poverty and ever before, since the
number of unemployment decreased from 11.9 million (1921) to 4.1
million (1927).

However, not every American benefit from the boom in the early 1920s.
In fact, more unemployment is created through the boom than new
employment. Older instries such as farming, coal, leather and
textiles suffered greatly. As we can see, the total US farm income
dropped from $22 billion in 1919 to just $13 billion in 1928. In
America, 60 million are involved in the farming instry, most of them
unskilled workers who live in rural areas, once they were forced off
their land, they migrated to cities where there was little demand for
their labour. Furthermore, there was a strike in the coal instry in
North Carolina, where workers were paid only $18-$9 for a 70hrs week
(while most Americans considered that $48 per week to be a reasonable
wage). Leather and textiles instry are facing serious competition
from other countries where there are cheaper labours. While old
instries begins to collapse, new instries such as car, telephone
and radio are taking over, those 『new instries』 requires less
labour, seeing their proction lines relies on machines.

The statement above states that 「America today are nearer to final
triumph over poverty than ever before in the history of any land.」
This might be true, however, 42% of Americas are still living below
the poverty line. Majority of the Americans』 wages did not increase on
the same scale as company profits or dividends paid to shareholders.
In Chicago, the problem is highlighted, when only three per cent of
semi-skilled workers owned a car (while 29% owned a car in cities),
and only one radio for every three householders in poorer districts of
Chicago. Moreover, chain stores across America served mainly the
middle-class, while poor Americans are being disregarded.

To draw the conclusion, I would say that, only a few Americans – such
as shareholders and company owners – benefits from the economic boom,
while majority of Americans are still under the poverty line. From my
point of view, I feel that America still has got a long way to go to
until the final triumph over poverty.

6
Economic Depression in 1930's

The 1930's in America were a very eventful time and the depression hit
the economy hard. America suffered very badly and recovery was hard
because the Wall Street Crash had already weakened America.

[IMAGE] The depression was e to many reasons including
overproction, slow down in foreign trade, speculation and many other
affects.

Overproction of goods and food in America, prices went down and
farmers were unable to sell their food. Surplus food was destroyed and
farmers were paid for not procing.

The Wall Street Crash effected public confidence and far fewer people
were putting money into the stock market. There was a wave of
bankruptcies and American businesses perished. The crash brought the
economy to its knees and the depression was imminent.

As the Crash hit and the depression set in, America decide to put very
high tariffs on foreign goods coming into America, the Fordney Mcumber
act was introced. As this happened the economy slowly started to get
better as people were forced to buy American goods. This was called
protectionism and eventually no foreign goods were being sold in
America. As other countries goods weren't being sold in America these
countries decided to put very high tariffs on American goods, this
stopped the slow climb up and bought it straight back down.

Under consumption was another long-term affect that led to the
depression. Goods had already been purchased and there was no need for
any more/eg: If someone bought the "model T" she/he wouldn't need to
buy a new one for at least two years, this also damaged the economy.

The use of credit on new items was introced, as many Americans lost
all their money on the stock market a lot of this credit couldn't be
paid of. This lost millions for the companies that offered credit.

Conclusion

Many factors affected the depression, I believe that the short-term
affect of the Wall Street Crash was the biggest factor that led to the
depression, it brought the US economy to its knee and made it very
venerable to small after effects.

⑶ 關於英語畢業論文

我帶的一個寫手可能能幫到你 嘿嘿 但是他肯定要收費

⑷ 英語專業論文

以下是些英語論文,裡面有很多的,可以參考下:)~~
英語畢業論文
http://222.200.99.123:5353/03-yilx/

英語論文類文章1001篇,裡面有很多的:)~
http://www.51papers.com/lw/list3-8.htm

英文的畢業論文
http://www.happycampus.com.cn/pages/2004/04/19/D132307.html
或:)
http://www.63263.com/ecation/reference/papers/

英語畢業論文[1829]
畢業論文的引文[208]
畢業論文選題和觀點方面的…[139]
畢業論文的評價[83]
http://www.chinaetr.com/Article_Show.asp?ArticleID=1398

教育論文網：）很多的
http://www.51papers.com/lw/list3-1.htm
英語論文：）
http://www.51papers.com/lw/list3-1.htm

⑸ 英語專業的畢業論文怎麼寫

下面我們來說說英語專業的畢業論文怎麼寫：

關於選題

英語專業能選擇的方向包括翻譯、教學、語言學、文學等主要幾大類。從身邊同學撰寫的感受來看，翻譯和文字方向比較好下手，相比之下，教學研究調查類論文則需要花大量時間收集資料，出問卷，訪談，做數據分析等等。這里主要談一談翻譯類方向如何確定選題。首先，要確定自己的研究文本,
可以是一本書，一部電影，實地景點翻譯研究等等……主要是選擇自己感興趣的研究對象，畢竟撰寫論文是一個十分漫長且枯燥的過程,選一個喜歡的文本會是你想堅持下去的理由。其次就是選擇一個比較合適但是又不要太常見的翻譯理論，比如功能對等，目的論啥的，再結合文本中某一個比較細小的角度去研究。總之，翻譯理論，文本，切入點三者必須有一兩個比較創新，這樣不容易撞題。

我去年自己去參加開題答辯的時候，同一個答辯場竟然有兩位同學跟我理論和切入點一模一樣! !
不過幸好我的文本比較新，也花了很多心思，最後拿到了優秀論文嘻嘻。這里提醒大家，選題不要過於著急，而且在選題的過程中要反復去知網查證自己選的理論能否適用於自己的翻譯文本研究，相關的研究多不多，早期多投入一些時間，後期開始撰寫的時候幾乎沒有太大問題。

關於撰寫

其實本科生的論文大多都是沒什麼內容的，因為都是在總結前人的研究成果，關鍵是你會不會用自己的話去闡述，從而避免知網查證不合格的想像發生。翻譯方向的論文只有第四章是自己的內容，這一章節需要花大量時間尋找最合適的例子，將理論運用其中，達到你最終的目的。這里需要大家注意的是，千萬不要出現低級的語法語言錯誤，這樣你會被你的導師批鬥死。不要指望導師給你該內容該語法，他只會給你基本的大方向和建議，論文的撰寫完全要靠自己。

關於查重

在學校查重之前，建議大家最好自己去查重一下。Paper系列裡面建議使用PaperPP，相對准確一點。turnitin也是一個比較常見的英文論文查重系統，個人覺得偏高一點，價格在4.0元/千字。除了這個，知網、維普、萬方也是可以查重英文論文的，turnitin的查重率在百分之20，學校知網查重結果百分之7，如果大家查重費用比較充足，可以直接用知網，結果是最准確的。

關於答辯

論文答辯我覺得最重要的就是要熟悉自己的論文，熟悉到答辯老師一問你就知道是在論文的哪一章節，哪一位置，最好提前預設一下問題我還是比較幸運的，被問到的三個問題有導師之前就問過我的，有的是我准備到的。實在不懂的話，就直接道歉吧，俗話說的好，答辯答辯，只答不辨，瘋狂道歉哈哈。

好了，今天就講到這里了，希望今年的考研er都要加油呀!寫論文也不可怕，合理安排好時間，你一定既能考上研也能拿到優秀論文，祝你好運!

⑹ 英語論文研究背景

background and meanings of selected topic
dissertation research methods and practice plan

⑺ 英語論文 研究方法

我是在VIP英語論文找他們幫忙的，半個月的時間就幫我搞定了，之後導師要什麼參考文獻，數據演示和截圖，他們都給我搞好了，覺得服務挺周到的，呵呵
xtjugktpxv

⑻ 求一篇英語研究性學習的論文

一、研究性學習的背景及特點
從20世紀80年代末開始，世界各國開始對本國的教育系統作重大改變，教育改革的一個基本點和共同點集中在如何使本國的青少年具備21世紀所需要的「關鍵能力」，即用新技術獲取和處理信息的能力、主動探究能力、分析和解決問題的能力、與人合作及責任感、終生學習的能力等。要培養這些能力，僅靠傳統的學科和原有的學習方式顯然不行。於是，project--based learning或project learning,(我國稱之為「研究性學習」)，應運而生。研究性學習是20世紀80年代末以來國際教育界比較普遍推崇和實施的一種新課程。這種課程源於美國，自20世紀80年代杜威提倡「新教育」以來，美國中小學始終比較強調學校與社會、教育與生活的聯系，強調學生自主地探究學習。1996年美國國家科學院推出的《國家科學教育標准》明確指出，科學探究是科學教育的核心，學校教育要把科學探究作為獲取知識和認識世界的一種方法，突出了學生主動探究的學習在整個教育中的地位和作用。其他國家也在這方面表達了相同的認識。
什麼是研究性學習?從廣義理解，研究性學習泛指學生主動探究的學習活動，它是一種學習的理念、策略、方法，適用於學生對所有學科的學習。從狹義看，作為一門獨立的課程，研究性學習指在教學過程中以問題為載體，創設一種類似科學研究的情境和途徑，讓學生通過自己收集、分析處理信息來實際感受和體驗知識的生產過程，進而了解社會，學會學習，培養分析問題，解決問題的能力和創造能力。
研究性學習它有以下特點：
1.「問題」(或專題、課題)是研究性學習的載體，整個課程主要圍繞著問題的提出和解決來組織學生的學習活動
在研究性學習活動中，指導者通常不是提供一篇教材，讓學生理解、記憶，而是呈現一個需要學習、探究的問題(專題或課題)。這個問題可以由展示一個案例、介紹某些背景或創設一種情景引出，也可直接提出；可以由教師提出，也可以引導學生自己發現和提出。
2.開放性是研究性學習在內容選擇上的主要特點
在研究性學習中，問題多來自學生生活著的現實世界，內容涉及的面可以相當廣泛教材、校園以外的各種教育資源，學生學習途徑、方法不一，最後研究結果的內容和形式各異，它必然會突破原有學科教學的封閉狀態，把學生置於一種動態，開放、主動、多元的學習環境中。
3.研究性學習過程主要由學生自己負責完成
研究性學習強調以學生的自主性，探究性學習為基礎，在確定研究性學習的內容後，通常採用學生個人或小組合作的方式來進行，整個課程的內容、方式、進度、實施地點，最後的表現形態主要取決於學生個人或學生小組的努力。學生在老師的指導下，在規定的時間內，成為某一個研究課題的提出者、設計者、實施者，他對課程目標的達成負有主要的責任。
4.綜合性、社會性和實踐性是研究性學習內容組織時應重視的幾個方面
綜合性即圍繞某個專題組織多方面或跨學科的知識內容，以利於知識的融合貫通和多角度、多層面的思考問題；社會性即加強理論知識與社會生活實際的聯系，特別關注與人類生存、社會發展密切相關的重大問題，注意開發社區資源；實踐性即在學習間接經驗的同時，提供學習直接經驗並在探究實踐中獲得積極情感體驗的途徑與機會。