英语非谓语

『壹』 英语非谓语语法

非谓语：(to do/ doing / done) (By Yuan)
1.To do(to be done) / doing / done 作状语的区别：
To do(to be done)：作目的状语，结果状语(特定句型)
Doing(being done, having done )/done： 作伴随、时间、原因、让步、结果状语等。
1) complete the task ahead of time, they kept working throughout the night.
2) The spy broke into the bank, only find two policemen waiting for him with a gun.
3) He hurried back home, leave piles of work unfinished.
4) Defeat time and again, he still didn’t lose heart.
(分析：1)To/ In order to complete 目的 2)only to find 后接to do 形式,表示一种未预料的结果3)leaving 结果 4) Defeated让步)
2.To do(to be done) / doing / done 作定语的'区别：
To do(to be done)：多表示未完成的动作，和某些特定句型
doing ：(being done)：表示正在进行和经常性的动作
done ：被动,完成的动作和经常性的动作
1)The commander gave an order attack the enemy before dawn.
2)Who were the first people reach American continent.
3)People live in this area feed on rice.
4)Areas strike by a hurricane are usually in a mess before things return to normal.
(分析：1)to attack 未完成 2)to reach特定句型first/ second等序数词之后 3)living 主动经常性 4) struck/ stricken被动、经常性)
3.To do/to be done 与 to have done / to have been done: 后者表示动作发生在主动词之前。

『贰』 英语的非谓语

非谓语动词
非谓语动词指的是在句中起名词，形容词或副词作用的动词形式，而不是作谓语的动词形式。 动词的非谓语形式分为动名词，分词( ing ），动词不定式
1. 如果非谓语动词是及物动词，后面须跟宾语 Studying English is my favorite.
2. 非谓语动词可以带有自己的状语或逻辑主语。 Working under such a condition is terrible.
It's too difficult for him to master .
3. 非谓语动词仍有语态和时态的变化。
I am sorry to have kept you waiting long.
4. 非谓语动词在句中可以当成名词或者形容词来使用
Our coming made him happy. （coming 起名词作用）
There are two big swimming pools here. (swimming 起形容词作用）
5. 非谓语动词在句中可以作主、表、定、宾、宾补（复合宾语）、状
指出非谓语动词在句中的作用：
1. China is a developing country.
2. Mr.Victor came to our classroom to have a talk with us last week. 3. Do you know the man wearing a white shirt.

1.Ing 形式可以作：主语、宾语、复合宾语、 表语、定语、状语
主语
1.Climbing mountain is a good exercise.
2.Swimming in the swimming pool
Playing tennis with my friends
Growing flowers in the garden
1．It is good for health climbing mountain. playing tennis…growing flowers…
It作形式主语
2. 表语：
1.Seeing is believing.
2.My job is teaching.
3.The best exercise in summer is swimming.
3. 宾语
以下动词只接ing 形式
enjoy , finish, complete, practise, suggest, miss(错过 ） prevent , give up, can’t help (情不自禁） , put off (推迟), get through (完成）, consider (认为), imagine (想象) , mind (介意）
2. 表语：
1.Seeing is believing.
2.My job is teaching.
3.The best exercise in summer is swimming.
3. 宾语
以下动词只接ing 形式
enjoy , finish, complete, practise, suggest, miss(错过 ） prevent , give up, can’t help (情不自禁） , put off (推迟), get through (完成）, consider (认为), imagine (想象) , mind (介意）
Ing 作介词的宾语； 常用的有： be used to, look forward to, devote to (献身于), be fond of , be afraid of , be keen on, prevent… from, insist on, be tired of , be good at, be attention to等
1.I am fond of playing tennis.
2.Are you afraid of doing that?
3.I am tired of doing the same thing.
4.He got fat by eating too much.
5.He was prevented from coming in.
6.He left without saying a word.
作宾语补足语：常用动词：find, see , watch, notice, listen to , keep , hear
1.We find the story very interesting.
2.I found the wallet lying on the ground.
3.I saw him reading in the room.
4.We found the boy sleeping.
作定语：
1.What are you going to do in the coming vacation? (前位修饰）
2.That's an interesting story.
3.如果被修饰的词是由some / any / no/ + thing / body / one 形成的不定代词，或它有自己的宾语或状语，ing 要放在其后
1. Anyone wishing to leave early may do so.
2. There is nothing interesting.
3. Lessons learning easily are soon forgotten.
4. The girl singing for us is ten years old.
分词作状语
1.Being a student, he likes to help others. = As a student, he likes to help others.
2. Wearing a new pair of glasses, she can read easily.
= If you wear a new pair of glasses, ….
3.Walking in the street, I met a friend of mine. = When I was walking in the street….
4. Being ill, he didn’t go to school. = Because he was ill….
5. Seeing his mother ,the baby cried. = When the baby saw his mother, he cried.
2. The girl singing for us is ten years old.定语
3. I heard them singing in the classroom.
4. Seeing the teacher is coming, the students stopped playing.
5. Wearing a new pair of glasses, she can read easily.
6. They enjoy watching TV.

动词不定式 ： 主语、表语、定语、宾语、宾补、状语主语:
To do that is easy.
It's easy (for me) to do that.
To hear your voice is so nice.
It's so nice to hear your voice.
常用的形容词有：easy, difficult, hard, important, possible, impossible, comfortable, necessary, better;
1.It‘s very kind of you to help us.
2. It was silly of us to believe him.
3.It seemed selfish of him not to give them anything
kind, nice, stupid, rude, clever, foolish, thoughtful, thoughtless, brave, considerate(考虑周到的), silly, selfish(自私的)
不定式作表语
不定式可放在be动词后面，形成表语。例如：
My work is to clean the room every day.
His dream is to be a doctor.
My job is to teach them English.
不定式作宾语： 常用的动词有： hope, wish, like, want, try, ask, plan, decide, start, begin, manage 等
They all want to see the film. We hope to be back home at 6 o’clock.
We decided to walk there. He used to go to school by bus.
不定式作定语
不定式做定语通常要放在被修饰的词后。例如：
I have a lot of work to do. I have a question to ask.
There is not time to lose. Do you have anything to say?
状语
1）目的状语
in order to, so as to, so (such)… as to…
He ran so fast as to catch the first bus. I come here only to say good-bye to you.
2）作结果状语.
What have I said to make you angry.
He searched the room only to find nothing.
) 表原因
I'm glad to see you.
We are sorry to hear that.
宾补：
1) 动词+宾语+不定式(to do)
advise allow believe challenge drive find forbid force inform instruct invite know like order permit report send tell think trust understand warn ask
Father will not allow us to play on the street
2. 作感官动词see，watch，hear，feel，notice等的宾语补足语时。
We felt the house shake.
3. 作使役动词make，let，have等的宾语补足语时。
She lets us meet her at the station.
4. help后的宾语补足语前可带to也可不带to.
She helped her mother（to）prepare for Christmas.
5. “Will you please …？”结构中，不定式符号to要省略。
Will you please close the door？ 请你关上门，好吗？
6. “had better（not）…” 不定式符号to要省略。
You had better not talk in class.

『叁』 英语中非谓语是什么意思有什么形式

非谓语动词主要包括不定式、动名词和现在分词。为了区分这三种不同的非谓语动词的用法和含义，我们将分别从三种非谓语动词在句子中做主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语、表语以及一些特殊结构句型等角度来区分其用法和细微含义。

1．不定式和动名词作主语的区别

（1）动名词作主语通常表示抽象动作；而不定式作主语表示具体动作。 Smoking is prohibited(禁止)here．这里禁止抽烟。(抽象)

It is not very good for you to smoke so much．你抽这么多烟对你身体很不好。(具体)

（2）动名词作主语时，通常用以表示一件已知的事或经验。 不定式短语通常用来表示一件未完成的事或目的。

Climbing mountains is interesting．爬山很有趣。(经验)

Driving a car ring the rush hour is tiring．在高峰时刻开车令人厌烦。(经验)

（3）不定式做主语，一般用it当形式主语，把作主语的不定式短语后置。 It took me only five minutes to finish the job.

2．不定式、动名词和分词作表语的区别

（1）不定式作表语

1)不定式作表语一般表示具体动作，特别是表示将来的动作。

To do two things at a time is to do neither．--次做两件事等于未做。 What I would suggest is to start work at once.我的建议是立刻开始干。

（2）如果主语是不定式（表示条件），表语也是不定式（表示结果）。 To see is to believe.百闻不如一见。

To work means to earn a living．工作就是为了生活。

（3）如果主语是以aim， ty， hope， idea， happiness， job， plan， problem， purpose， thing， wish等为中心的名词，或以what引导的名词性从句，不定式作表语是对主语起补充说明 作用。

His wish is to buy a luxurious car in the near future．他的希望是在不远的将来买一辆豪华轿车。

The function of Louis Sullivan's architecture was to provide large uninterrupted floor areas and to allow ample light into the interior.

The most important thing is to negotiate with them about the future of the plant．

（2）动名词作表语：动名词作表语，表示抽象的一般性的行为。 Our work is serving the people．我们的工作是为人民服务。 His hobby is collecting stamps．他的爱好是集邮。注：动名词作表语时与进行时态中的现在分词形式相同，但其所属结构迥异，进行时态说明动作是由主语完成的。动名词做表语，说明主语的性质或情况。

People cannot but feel puzzled， for they simply cannot understand how he could have made such a stupid mistake.

His victory in the final was no more convincing than I had expected．

（3）分词作表语

分词做表语有两种情况，一种是现在分词做表语，一种是过去分词做表语，这两者区别是考试中经常考到的地方。一般来说，表示心理状态的动词如excite， interest等都是及物动词，汉语意思不是“激动”，“高兴”，而是“使激动”、“使高兴”，因而现在分词应该是“令人激动的”、“令人高兴的”，过去分词则是“感到激动的”和“感到高兴的”。所以，凡表示“令人……的”都是-ing形式，凡是表示“感到……”都用-ed形式。换句话说，若人对……感兴趣，就是somebody is interested in...,若人/物本身有兴趣时，就是说sb./sth. is interesting.

『肆』 英语非谓语

第一个空 enjoy是谓语所以后面要用非谓语，固定搭配加ing
第二个空，what his sister enjoys 是主语，翻译成他的妹妹享受的是，缺谓语 ，is做谓语，to dance表目的

『伍』 英语中非谓语动词

都可以
跟这个结构无关
如果及物动词就可以接名词
否则就单独一个do动词就可以

『陆』 英语，非谓语。

第一题是从说话人的角度考虑，所以用ing表主动，你可以这样理解
his age,I think he did very well.consider这个动作是主语I发出来的
第六题中what用来引导动词do的宾语从句，同时在从句中充当宾语成分，that不能这么用的

『柒』 英语中非谓语该如何使用

在英语中，不作句子谓语，而具有除谓语外其他语法功能的动词，叫做非谓语动词。非谓语动词有动词不定式（the Infinitive）；动名词（the Gerund）；现在分词（the Present Participle）；过去分词（the Past Participle）。

1．非谓语动词与谓语动词的相同点有：

（1）如果是及物动词都可与宾语连用，例如：

They built a garden.

They suggested building a garden.

（2）都可以被状语修饰：

The suit fits him very well.

The suit used to fit him very well.

（3）都有主动与被动, “体”式（一般式；进行式；完成式）的变化。例如：

He was punished by his parents.（谓语动词被动语态）

He avoided being punished by his parents.（动名词的被动式）

We have written the composition.（谓语动词的完成时）

Having written the composition, we handed it in.（现在分词的完成式）

（4）都可以有逻辑主语

They started the work at once.（谓语动词的逻辑主语）

The boss ordered them to start the work.（动词不定式的逻辑主语）

We are League members.（谓语动词的主语）

We being League member, the work was well done.

（现在分词的逻辑主语）

2、非谓语动词与谓语动词的不同点有：

（1）非谓语动词可以有名词作用（如动词不定式和动名词），在句中做主语、宾语、表语。

（2）非谓语动词可以有形容词作用（如动词不定式和分词），在句中做定语、表语或宾语补足语。

（3）非谓语动词可以有副词作用（如动词不定式和分词），在句中作状语。

（二）非谓语动词的句法功能：

二、非谓语动词用法：

（一）动词不定式：（to）+do，具有名词、形容词、副词的特征。

1．不定式的形式：（以动词write为例）

否定式：not + (to) do

（1）一般式：不定式的一般式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生或发生在谓语动词动作之后，
例如：

I'm glad to meet you.

He seems to know a lot.

We plan to pay a visit.

He wants to be an artist.

The patient asked to be operated on at once.

The teacher ordered the work to be done.

（2）进行式：不定式的进行式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生，例如：

The boy pretended to be working hard.

He seems to be reading in his room.

（3）完成式：不定式的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前，例如：

I regretted to have told a lie.

I happened to have seen the film.

He is pleased to have met his friend.

2．不定式的句法功能：

（1）作主语：

To finish the work in ten minutes is very hard.

To lose your heart means failure.

动词不定式短语作主语时，常用it作形式主语，例如上面两句可用如下形式：

It is very hard to finish the work in ten minutes.

It means failure to lose your heart.

（2）作表语：

Her job is to clean the hall.

He appears to have caught a cold.

（3）作宾语：

常与不定式做宾语连用的动词有：want, hope, wish, offer, fail, plan, learn, pretend, refuse, manage, help, agree, promise, prefer, 如果不定式（宾语）后面有宾语补足语，则用it作形式宾语，真正的宾语（不定式）后置，放在宾语补足语后面，例如：

Marx found it important to study the situation in Russia.

动词不定式也可充当介词宾语，如：

I have no choice but to stay here.

He did nothing last Sunday but repair his bike.

动词不定式前有时可与疑问词连用，如：

He gave us some advice on how to learn English.

（4）作宾语补足语：

在复合宾语中，动词不定式可充当宾语补足语，如下动词常跟这种复合宾语：want, wish, ask, tell, order, beg, permit, help, advise, persuade, allow, prepare, cause, force, call on, wait for, invite.

此外，介词有时也与这种复合宾语连用，如：

With a lot of work to do, he didn't go to the cinema．

有些动词如make, let, see, watch, hear, feel, have等与不带有to的不定式连用，但改为被动语态时，不定式要加to, 如：

I saw him cross the road.

He was seen to cross the road.

（5）作定语：

动词不定式作定语，放在所修饰的名词或代词后。与所修饰名词有如下关系：

①动宾关系：

I have a meeting to attend.

注意：不定式为不及物动词时，所修饰的名词如果是地点、工具等，应有必要的介词，如：

He found a good house to live in.

The child has nothing to worry about.

What did you open it with?

如果不定式修饰time, place, way，可以省略介词：

He has no place to live.

This is the best way to work out this problem.

如果不定式所修饰名词是不定式动作承受者，不定式可用主动式也可用被动式：

Have you got anything to send?

Have you got anything to be sent?

②说明所修饰名词的内容：

We have made a plan to finish the work.

③被修饰名词是不定式逻辑主语：

He is the first to get here.

（6）作状语：

①表目的：

He worked day and night to get the money.

She sold her hair to buy the watch chain.

注意不定式放句首时，逻辑主语与句子主语要一致：

wrong：To save money, every means has been tried.

right：To save money, he has tried every means.

wrong：To learn English well, a dictionary is needed.

right：To learn English well, he needs a dictionary.

②表结果：

He arrived late to find the train gone.

常用only放在不定式前表示强调：

I visited him only to find him out.

③表原因：

They were very sad to hear the news.

④表程度：

It's too dark for us to see anything.

The question is simple for him to answer.

（7）作独立成分：

To tell you the truth, I don't like the way he talked.

（8）不定式的省略：保留to省略do动词。

If you don't want to do it, you don't need to.

（9）不定式的并列：第二个不定式可省略to。

He wished to study medicine and become a doctor.

（二）动名词：

动名词既具有动词的一些特征，又具有名词的句法功能。

1．动名词的形式：

否定式：not + 动名词

（1）一般式：

Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。

（2）被动式：

He came to the party without being invited．他未被邀请就来到了晚会。

（3）完成式：

We remembered having seen the film. 我们记得看过这部电影。

（4）完成被动式：

He forgot having been taken to Guangzhou when he was five years old.

他忘记五岁时曾被带到广州去过。

（5）否定式：not + 动名词

I regret not following his advice. 我后悔没听他的劝告。

（6）复合结构：物主代词（或名词所有格）+ 动名词

He suggested our trying it once again. 他建议我们再试一次。

His not knowing English troubled him a lot.

他不懂英语给他带来许多麻烦。

2．动名词的句法功能：

（1）作主语：

Reading aloud is very helpful. 朗读是很有好处的。

Collecting stamps is interesting. 集邮很有趣。

当动名词短语作主语时常用it作形式主语。

It's no use quarrelling.争吵是没用的。

（2）作表语：

In the ant city, the queen's job is laying eggs.

在蚂蚁王国，蚁后的工作是产卵。

（3）作宾语：

They haven't finished building the dam. 他们还没有建好大坝。

We have to prevent the air from being polluted.

我们必须阻止空气被污染。

注意动名词既可作动词宾语也可作介词宾语，如上面两个例句。此外，动名词作宾语时，若跟有宾语补足语，则常用形式宾语it，例如：

We found it no good making fun of others. 我们发现取笑他人不好。

要记住如下动词及短语只跟动名词作宾语：

enjoy, finish, suggest, avoid（避免）, excuse ,delay, imagine, keep, miss, consider, admit（承认），deny（否认）, mind, permit, forbid, practise, risk（冒险）, appreciate（感激）, be busy, be worth, feel like, can't stand, can't help（情不自禁地）, think of, dream of, be fond of, prevent…(from),keep …from, stop…（from）,protect…from, set about, be engaged in, spend…(in), succeed in, be used to, look forward to, object to, pay attention to, insist on, feel like

（4）作定语：

He can't walk without a walking-stick. 他没有拐杖不能走路。

Is there a swimming pool in your school? 你们学校有游泳池吗？

（5）作同位语：

The cave, his hiding-place is secret. 那个山洞，他藏身的地方很秘密。

His habit, listening to the news on the radio remains unchanged．

他收听收音机新闻节目的习惯仍未改变。

（三）现在分词：

现在分词既具有动词的一些特征，又具有形容词和副词的句法功能。

1、现在分词的形式：

否定式：not + 现在分词

（1）现在分词的主动语态：现在分词主动语态的一般式表示与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生，完成
式表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生，常作状语。例如：

They went to the park, singing and talking. 他们边唱边说向公园走去。

Having done his homework, he played basket-ball. 做完作业，他开始打篮球。

（2）现在分词的被动语态：一般式表示与谓语动词同时发生的被动的动作，完成式表示发生在谓语动
词之前的被动的动作。

The problem being discussed is very important. 正在被讨论的问题很重要。

Having been told many times, the naughty boy made the same mistake.

被告诉了好几遍，这个淘气的孩子又犯了同一个错误。

2．现在分词的句法功能：

（1）作定语：现在分词作定语，当分词单独做定语时，放在所修饰的名词前；如果是分词短语做定语
放在名词后。

In the following years he worked even harder.

在后来的几年中，他学习更努力了。

The man speaking to the teacher is our monitor's father.

正与老师谈话的那个人是我们班长的父亲。

现在分词作定语相当于一个定语从句的句法功能，如：in the following years也可用in the years that followed; the man speaking to the teacher可改为the man who is speaking to the teacher.

（2）现在分词作表语：

The film being shown in the cinema is exciting. 正在这家上演的电影很棒。

The present situation is inspiring. 当前的形势鼓舞人心。

be + doing既可能表示现在进行时，也可能是现在分词做表语，它们的区别在于be + doing表示进行的动作是进行时，而表示特征时是系动词be与现在分词构成系表结构。

（3）作宾语补足语：

如下动词后可跟现在分词作宾语补足语：

see, watch, hear, feel, find, get, keep, notice, observe, listen to, look at, leave, catch等。例如：

Can you hear her singing the song in the next room? 你能听见她在隔壁唱歌吗？

He kept the car waiting at the gate. 他让小汽车在门口等着。

（4）现在分词作状语：

①作时间状语：

(While) Working in the factory, he was an advanced worker.

在工厂工作时，他是一名先进工人。

②作原因状语：

Being a League member, he is always helping others. 由于是共青团员，他经常帮助他人。

③作方式状语，表示伴随：

He stayed at home, cleaning and washing. 他呆在家里，又擦又洗。

④作条件状语：

(If) Playing all day, you will waste your valuable time.

要是整天玩，你就会浪费宝贵的时间。

⑤作结果状语：

He dropped the glass, breaking it into pieces. 他把杯子掉了，结果摔得粉碎。

⑥作目的状语：

He went swimming the other day. 几天前他去游泳了。

⑦作让步状语：

Though raining heavily, it cleared up very soon.

虽然雨下得很大，但不久天就晴了。

⑧与逻辑主语构成独立主格：

I waiting for the bus, a bird fell on my heard．

我等汽车时，一只鸟落到我头上。

All the tickets having been sold out, they went away disappointedly.

所有的票已经卖光了，他们失望地离开了。

Time permitting, we'll do another two exercises.

如果时间允许，我们将做另两个练习。

有时也可用with (without) +名词（代词宾格）+分词形式

With the lights burning, he fell asleep. 他点着灯睡着了。

⑨作独立成分：

udging from(by) his appearance, he must be an actor.

从外表看，他一定是个演员。

Generally speaking, girls are more careful. 一般说来，女孩子更细心。

（四）过去分词：

过去分词只有一种形式：规则动词由动词原形加词尾-ed构成。不规则动词的过去分词没有统一的规则要求，要一一记住。

过去分词的句法功能：

1．过去分词作定语：

Our class went on an organized trip last Monday. 上周一我们班开展了一次有组织的旅行。

Those elected as committee members will attend the meeting. 当选为委员的人将出席这次会。

注意当过去分词是单词时，一般用于名词前，如果是过去分词短语，就放在名词的后面。过去分词做定语相当于一个被动语态的定语从句。

2．过去分词作表语：

The window is broken. 窗户破了。

They were frightened at the sad sight. 他们对眼前悲惨的景象感到很害怕。

注意：be + 过去分词，如果表示状态是系表结构，如果表示被动的动作是被动语态。区别：

The window is broken.（系表）

The window was broken by the boy.（被动）

有些过去分词是不及物动词构成的，不表示被动，只表示完成。如：

boiled water（开水） fallen leaves（落叶）

newly arrived goods（新到的货） the risen sun（升起的太阳）

the changed world（变了的世界）

这类过去分词有：gone, come, fallen, risen, changed, arrived, returned, passed等。

3．过去分词作宾语补足语：

I heard the song sung several times last week.

上周我听见这首歌被唱了好几次。

有时过去分词做with短语中的宾语补足语：

With the work done, they went out to play. 工作做完了，他们出去玩去了。

4．过去分词作状语：

Praised by the neighbours, he became the pride of his parents.

受到邻居们的表扬，他成为父母的骄傲。（表示原因）

Once seen, it can never be forgotten.

一旦它被看见，人们就忘不了。（表示时间）

Given more time, I'll be able to do it better.

如果给予更多的时间，我能做得更好。（表示条件）

Though told of the danger, he still risked his life to save the boy.

虽然被告之有危险，他仍然冒生命危险去救那个孩子。（表示让步）

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『捌』 英语 非谓语动词

选and
这里是递进关系，而
or,but是转折关系。till是直到。。。与句意不符。故只有and是正确的。。。
非谓语动词包括不定式，动名词，现在分词或过去分词。如：
1.I
wanted
to
buy
a
MP3
player.(to
buy
不定式)
2.I
finished
doing
my
homework.(doing动名词，做finished的宾语)
3.I
am
waitiing
for
you.(waitiing现在分词,与am一起构成谓语。)
原因状语从句引导词主要有because,for,since等，条件状语从句引导词if,目的状语从句so
that.等

『玖』 英语谓语和非谓语

题目 Now Mr. Smith is working carefully at this experiment to make sure everything is all right.
后面的动词不定式在句中作目的状语，即仔细地做这个实验的目的是为了确保一切正常。而后面的everything is all right 是前面省略了that的宾语从句（作make sure的宾语）
如还有疑问，欢迎追问。