英语研究论文

⑴ 关于英语研究性学习论文的(急~~~~~)跪求~~~

了解文化差异，走出交际误区
文化，作为一个专门术语，富有弹性。有人把文化说成是一种复杂的社会现 象，19世纪英国人类学家泰勒 （Edward Tylor）在《原始文化》一书中，给文 化下了一个比较经典的定义："文化是一个复合体，其中包括 知识、信仰、艺 术、法律、道德、风俗以及人作为社会成员而获得的任何其他能力和习惯。"交 际的过程是人 们运用语言知识和社会文化知识传递信息的过程，所以学习语言 与了解语言所反映的文化背景知识是分不开的 。了解英语文化知识，有助于交 际畅通并有效地进行。相反，缺乏了解英语文化背景知识必然导致交际障碍， 冲 突和误解，也就是我们所说的"语用失误（Pragmatic Failure）。 "本文所谈 的不是因为语法结构出错而 导致的词不达意，而且指说话方式的不妥，或不符 合表达的习惯，或说得不合时宜。说话人未能按照英美人的 社会风俗习惯来交 谈所造成的失误，本文试图谈谈日常交际中出现的误区。

一、打招呼

中国人之间彼此较为熟悉的人见面问候时，一般采用下列用语："上哪 去？"、 "吃过了吗？ "如果把 这些问候的话直译成英语（即：Where are you going? Have you eaten yet?"）。 英美人可能会茫然，困惑 ，有时也可能引起 误解。不了解汉文化习俗的外国人并不会认为这是一种起交际作用的问候语， 比 如：问对方 ："Have you eatenyet?"对方可能认为这不是单纯的见面问候的 话，而会误认为你可能发出对他／（她） 的邀请。又如"Where are you going?" 很可能引起对方的不快， 所以他／（她）对这一问话的反应极有 可能是： "It'snone of your business.（你管得着吗？"）。英美人的问候一般用"Good morning／aftern oon／evening（早上好、下午好、晚上好）""How do you do? （您好！）""Nice to meet you. （见到你 很高兴）""How are you doing? （你最近好吗？ ）。 在关系亲密者之间可用"Hello"或"Hi"

二、称呼

在英美国家，人们相互间称呼与我国的习惯相差极大。有些称呼在中国人看 来有悖情理，不礼貌，没教养 。比如：小孩子不把爷爷奶奶称作grandpa和 grandma，而是直呼其名，却是得体，亲切的，年轻人称老年人， 可在其姓氏前 加Mr、Mrs或Miss。比如：Mr Smith、Mrs Smith、Miss Alice等。在汉语里， 我们可以用"老师 、书记、经理、工程师、厂长"等词与姓氏连用作称呼语， 而 在英语中却不能， 我们不能说"teacher Zhan g（张老师），"engineer Wu（吴 工程师）等。正确的说法是应按照英美人的习惯把Mr、Mrs、Miss 与姓（名 ） 连用表示尊敬或礼貌。

中国人称呼家庭成员、亲戚或邻居时，往往用"大哥"、"二姐"、"大嫂"、 "李大伯"之类，这些称 呼不可用于英语。用英语称呼时不论男人还是女人， 一般直呼其名就行了。

三、寒暄

中国人见面寒暄通常是："你多大年纪？""你能挣多少钱？""结婚了 吗？"。在英语文化中，年龄、 地址、工作单位、收入、婚姻、家庭情况、信 仰等话题属个人隐私范畴，忌讳别人问及。英美人寒暄最频繁的 话题是天气的 状况或预测。如"It's fine isn't it? "或"It's raining hard， isn't it?""Your d ress is so nice!"等等。汉语里的寒暄有时还表示对对方的关 心。如："你今天气色不好，生病了？”“好 久不见，你又长胖了。""你又瘦 了，要注意身体啊。"人们不会为此生气。 英美人如果听到你说："You are fat "或"You are so thin."即使彼此间较熟悉，也会感到尴尬，难以回答， 因为这是不礼貌的。

另外，在思维方式上，中国学生习惯用汉语的语义结构来套用英语。如：打 电话时，中国学生习惯说：" Hello who are you please? "而英美人的习惯 是接到电话先报自己的号码或单位、公司的名称。如：

A:Hello 8403229

B:Hello, thisis Tom. Could I speak to Jim,please? 打电话的套话，必 须这样用。

四、赞扬与祝贺

当英美国家的人向我们中国人表示赞扬或祝贺时，我们即使心里高兴，嘴上 难免要谦虚一番。这大概是我 们中国人认为"谦虚"是一种美德的缘故，认为 不这样，就是对别人的不敬。例如：一位外国旅游者对导游小 姐说："Your English is quite fluent. （你英语说得很流利） 。"这位导游小姐谦虚地回 答："No,no M y English is very poor.（不，不，我的英语讲得不好）。"对 于中国人的谦虚回答， 英美人会误解为对方 对自己的判断力表示怀疑。又如： 在一次舞会上，一位美国人赞扬一位中国女士说："You look beautiful t oday （你今天很漂亮）。"这位中国女士谦虚地说："Where（哪里）、Where（哪里）。" 幸亏这位美国人懂 一点汉语习惯，非常巧妙地说了一句："Every-where （到 处）。"根据英美人的习惯，当他们赞扬别人时， 总希望别人以道谢或爽快接受 的方式作答，而不希望以谦虚、客气的方式作答。对于上面两位的赞扬，恭维话 ， 英美人的回答是："Thank you! ""Thank you for saying so."

五、道别

英汉语言中告别的使用语言或方式也不大相同。中国人道别时，把客人送到 门口或楼下大门口，甚至马路 上，客人对主人说："请留步"，主人最后要说： "走好"、"慢走"、"再来啊"等等。这些话都不能直译 成英语，如果说Stay here，Go slowly，Walk slowly. Comeagain听起来不顺耳，也不符合英美人的 习惯， 其实， 微微一笑并作个表示再见的手势或说：“Good-bye（再见），See you later （回头见）、So long. Take care（再见，保重）就可以了。

六、比喻用语

比喻是一种修辞手段。日常生活中，常借用动物或颜色的特征来形容人之特 性的词语，但这类比喻往往因 语言、文化背景的不同而具有不同的含义。在英 语中dog （狗）的形象一般不差， 常可泛指人， 如：You ar e a lucky dog （你可真是个幸运儿）。Everyone has his day（每人在一生中皆有得意之日）。 在汉语里， 用狗比喻人多带贬意，如"走狗"、"赖皮狗"、"狗东西"、"狗 咬吕洞宾、不识好人心"等。另外，由于 环境、历史和文化的不同，在表示相 似的比喻或象征意义时，英语和汉语会使用完全不同的颜色词，例如：bl ue pictures （黄色电影）、the blue-eye boy（红人）、to be green-eyed（眼红、 嫉妒）。green hand （ 没有经验的人）、in the black（不欠债）、 grey mare （母老虎）、white harvest（晚秋时节的收获）等。

七、其他社会礼节

中国人使用"谢谢你"远不及英美人那样频繁。中国只有在别人提供了大量 的帮助时，才说："谢谢"， 而且是真正表示谢意。英美人无论是家庭成员之 间，还是上下级之间，上下辈之间，为了一件小事，甚至是份 内之事都需说： "Thank you "这里"谢谢你"只是习惯性的回答，并不表示多大的谢意。例如： 在给英美人 上对外汉语课时，每次上完课后，英美学生习惯说："Thank you"。 如果回答"Thank you"，中国人往往说 ："这是我应该做的。"把这句话直译 成"It's my ty"，就不会让英美学生听起来那么愉快，因为“It's my ty"的含意是：我本不想做，但这是我的职责，所以不得不做。"这 与汉语表达的原意有很大出入，适 当的回答应是"It's a pleasure（我很乐意）， Don't mentien it（没什么）或You're welcome（不用谢）。 "

英语中的"Please"并不完全相当于汉语中的"请"，在某些场合表示 "请"不宜用英语"please"。比 如：让别人先进门或先上下车时，一般都说 "After you（你先请）"。在餐桌上请人吃饭吃菜， 喝酒或请人 吸烟时，一 般用Help yourself，而不用please。如果生病， 到医院看病应说"Go to see the doctor（看病 ）。"

因此，我们在学习英语时，应了解它的文化背景知识以及社会风俗习惯，随 时将它与我们的母语进行对比 ，使自己自觉意识到不规范语言产生的根源和避 免方法，进而增强使用规范语言的意识。

⑵ 英语毕业论文

How Economic Development From 1950-2000 Affected the Environment

The economic development from 1950-2000 affected the environment by the
increase in population, instrialization started, and the shortage of nonrenewable
energy sources. Pollution, instrialization, and nonrenewable energy sources had
important affects on the environment.
The most important issue that was worried about was the increase in
population. United Nation estimates suggested that the global population would
double to more than 10 billion by the middle of the 21st century. The areas where the
population would most likely increase are Africa, Asia, and Latin America. When
these country becomes too populated, it would put a big strain on their water, land,
energy, and other natural resources needed for survival. . The increase in population
means that more forest and rain forest will be destroyed to make more room for the
people to live. Destroying rain forests are bad because for example, the Amazon rain
forest alone proces 40% of the world's oxygen. Another important issue was
instrialization
There are now a lot of instries around the world but even though there are so
many, it is a big burden to the environment. The air, ocean, and the art become
polluted by instrial waste proct. The thin gaseous layer in the upper atmosphere
protects the earth from the dangerous ultraviolet rays of the sun. If the ozone layer is
destroyed, 200,000 people in the United States alone may die from diseases related to
ultraviolet radiation. The burning of gasoline and coal proces carbon dioxide that,
over time, has settled in a layer in the earth's upper atmosphere. This creates a
situation know as greenhouse effect. The greenhouse effect is a situation in which an
excess of carbon dioxide in the earth's upper atmosphere lets the sun's rays through
but traps heat close to the earth's surface. The scarcity of energy resources is also a big
problem.
Nonrenewable energy resources might run out. This might occur because of the
increase and demand in oil which is the basic necessity we all use. We use oil for
multiple proposes. Since instries use oil and coal a lot it will eventually pollute
everything and will cause acid rain which pollutes the stream where the fishes live and
once there are no fishes, it disrupts the balance of the food chain. Which means that
whoever eats the fishes will have nothing to eat and then pretty soon they will be come
extinct and this goes on and on.
These were some examples of how economic development can led to disasters for the
environment. There might be a smudge of a change that this will not happen, but, it is
pretty guaranteed that those things would happen. Especially is global warming is
already taking place.

1
The Economic Effects of Colonialism
Works Cited Not Included
Economic conditions play a large role in the way in which different
societies interact with each other. The changes in the distribution
of resources, in proction and in trade which colonialism brought
about shape world relations today.

The capitalist system

An important element of any economic system is surplus. There is a
surplus if a society proces more than its basic needs. In some
pre-colonial societies the community proced no surplus - people
proced enough for their subsistence and then used their time for
leisure (Bujra, 1992, p.152).

In some kingdom systems, people were obliged to proce more than they
needed and give the surplus to the provincial ruler. In some cases,
this surplus was used simply to enhance the lifestyle of the ruler or
elite. In others, it was used to provide for people to work in an
army, a justice system, an exchange system or the arts (Bujra, 1992,
p.154).

The type of exchange system also varied. In some societies, trade was
limited to local areas, in others barter was used, while others had
developed a currency and a merchant class, in West Africa for example
(Bujra, 1992, p.156).

The principal difference between these systems and the European system
which evolved ring the instrial revolution was that Europeans
began to use surpluses to improve proction. This is called the
capitalist system. The improvement of proction was not exclusive to
Europe. The Incas of Peru, for example, had organised irrigation
systems to improve agriculture (Bujra, 1992, p.156). However, the
nineteenth century colonisation of African and Asian regions created a
global capitalist system, integrating “...colonial territories into an
international system of proction and trade” (Regan, 1991, p.38).
As Europeans controlled the new system, it was organised to direct
surpluses from the third world to improve proction in the first
world. Without this, the transformation of proction processes in
Europe would not have been as great (Bujra, 1992, p.167), and the
Europe of today would not be as instrially developed. European
colonialism can be best understood as “...the globalisation of the
capitalist mode of proction, it’s penetration of previously
non-capitalist regions of the world, and destruction of pre or
non-capitalist forms of social organisation.” (Williams and Chrisman,
1993, p.2)

The emergence of present systems of economic organisation

Under colonialism, third world countries were obliged to proce for
European needs as well as for their own in order to obtain currency.
This currency was needed to pay the taxes imposed on them by the
colonisers and to buy European goods (Bernstein, Johnson and Thomas,
1992, p.192). As Europeans took over land and which had previously
not been owned by indivials, and introced property systems, money
was also needed for rent or purchase of land (Bernstein, Johnson and
Thomas, 1992, p.198). In this way, European currency began to be used
in the economies of the third world, some of which had been formally
based on barter. Colonialism was the beginning of the world
currency system prevalent today.

Colonialism effectively created a global economic system. The global
nature of the economic system of today can be seen in it’s “set of
commercial, banking and monetary institutions” (Ashworth, 1978, p.194)
which today have huge influence over trade and money. Organisations
such as the “Bretton Wood institutions” - the International Monetary
Fund, the World Bank, and the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade
(GATT), now the World Trade Organisation, were set up after the end of
the colonial era, but the economic power obtained through colonialism
enabled first world countries to control them (Coote, 1992, pp.45-47;
Hewitt, 1992, p.223). “From a Southern perspective, GATT is an
undemocratic and closed institution, dominated by a small number of
developed countries that promote the interests of Northern
multinational corporations” (Coote, 1992, p.85). During
instrialisation, Europe protected its new instries (Potter, 1992,
p.208), but third world countries are often unable to do this now
under trade rules controlled by the first world. Organisations in
which third world countries have significant power, such as the United
Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) have been unable
to influence the economic system a great deal (Coote, 1992, p.47), and
the UNCTAD “...is now little more than a North-South debating forum”
(Coote, 1992, p.85).

The world capitalist system created by colonialism continues to be
centred on Western needs. In the 1980s, some third world countries
were unable to pay interest on their debts because of the bad lending
decisions of banks. “There was a real possibility of losses so heavy
as to weaken the international banking system” (Ashworth, 1987, p.309)
on which first world countries depend. The world bank’s solution was
the imposition of economic restructuring programs geared towards
first world rather than third world needs (Coote, 1992, pp.34-35).
These caused extreme hardship and poverty in the third world.

As well as governmental power, the influence of Western based business
organisations has it’s origins in the colonial era. Large
trans-national companies control many economic resources and often
have political power as a result (Coote, 1992, p.64; Giddens, 1993,
p.185). “The power of US finance capital and huge multi-nationals to
direct the flows of capital, commodities, armaments and media
information around the world can have an impact as massive as any
colonial regime” (McClintock, 1993, p.296).

3
The Economic Boom The economic boom (the period of economic prosperity typically placed
between 1921-1929) was caused by an expansion in instry, which led
to more jobs and an increase in disposable income. Many changes took
place in the 1920's. Growth of mass proction in instry,
technological advances, and the increasing efficiency of labor boasted
a gain in instrial proction by over 60%.

Because of this prosperous economy, the wealth of a typical family
skyrocketed and led to the consumption of more consumer procts. As a
result of an improvement in three factors of proction (machines,
factories, and standardized mass proction), national personal income
rose dramatically, wages were up, workdays and workweeks were shorter,
instrial proction doubled, and there was a steady expansion of
economic growth.

A new name was given to the decade of the 1920's to reflect the
prosperity and the new opportunity presented in the aftermath of World
War I. Under president Warren G. Harding, , who urged a "return to
normalcy" after the war, many conservative policies (especially
regarding taxes, tariffs, immigration restriction, labor rights, and
business regulation) shaped the face of the post-war world. Marked by
corruption and scandal, Harding's administration lasted until his
death from a stroke in August, 1923.

While doing little as Harding's vice president, Calvin Coolidge acted
quickly to repair the damage caused by the Harding scandals and was
easily elected as president in 1924. Some of his popular policies
included cutting federal taxes and maintaining high tariffs..

Before being elected to the presidency in 1928, Hoover had served as
secretary of commerce under both Harding and Coolidge. Helped by the
prevailing prosperity in major areas of the country, Coolidge
continued many of the popular policies upheld by Harding and Coolidge.
Having been in office just a few months when the Great Depression
began, he inevitably lost the election to Franklin D. Roosevelt in
1932.

The stock-and-bond market began to be more active, and by middecade
thousands of Americans who had never invested before were following
the market avidly. In a 1929 study which asked respondents to name the
most prestigious occupation, stockbrokers were the clear choice, far
ahead of physicians or lawyers.

4
Economic Intervention

Every day our government makes economic decisions that affect our country and
ourselves. Some of these decisions are good and benefit our lives greatly;
however, many of our government's decisions, such as where our tax money should
go, are not in our best interests. The Canadian government, although it is
tightening up it's measures now, has been very lax with our hard earned tax
money. Things like government officials receiving unreasonable benefits,
government loans being given out like water, or government subsidizing of
various companies and services that don't need it. These are all indications
that Canada needs less government intervention. One large example of
government over-involvement is in the case of our correctional facilities and
prisons.

Should a person who has broken the law be given better lodgings and better care
than someone who is a law abiding citizen? We see examples such as prisons
being outfitted for the care of inmate's children. This is an area in which
government money is being improperly spent. Money that is being used in these
areas should be being put to better use in areas such as health and welfare.
People who are free and law abiding should be receiving this money to better
their lives not someone who has had no previous respect for the laws of our
country. Most inmates have free access to physical training facilities that
would cost us three hundred to four hundred dollars per year. All inmates are
guaranteed a meal, three time a day, when a large portion of the free
population can barely afford one meal a day. The prison facilities get
thousands of tax-payer dollars to upgrade and maintain suitable environments.
Yet many Canadian citizens who are unemployed, who cannot get work, are living
on the street or in unsuitable shelters. Why should someone in jail get better
benefits than someone trying to make it legally in our society? However, it
seems that our government has a certain affinity to people who break its set
laws. This vast inappropriate spending of taxpayer's dollars should be stopped.
In the near future we should see either proper controls being set on the
amounts of subsidizing prisons receive, or we should see the privatization of
prisons.

Should the Government of Canada be less involved in economic planning between
now and the year 2000? This one example of government overspending can be
applied to many other areas of our government's economic intervention. As
well, this example answers the question very well. Yes, our government should
have less involvement in economic planning between now and the year 2000. I
believe that we should have more say in where our money could best help our
country.

5
The Effect of the Economic Boom on Americans

Dear President Herbert Hoover,

“One of the oldest and perhaps the noblest of human activities has
been the abolition of poverty…we in America today are nearer to final
triumph over poverty than ever before in the history of any
land.” Herbert Hoover, 1928

In your speech, poverty in America is no longer a major problem, which
is true to a certain extent. Since World War I, American has been the
richest country in the world, American’s economy boomed immensely in
the early 1920s, mainly e to new instries such as cars, telephones
and electric lightings. Average salary increases through out America
and many Americans have cars, radios, telephones and fridges.
Americans are now having a better quality of life than ever before.

As we can see, the average annual instrial wages rose from $1158 (in
1919) to $1304 (in 1927), furthermore, the number of millionaires
increased from 7000 (in 1914) to 35000 (in 1928). The key to
American’s prosperity is foreign trade and new instries, America
exported $500 million worth of goods, while imported 400 million worth
of goods ring 1926-30. As America earning more money, factories
proce more, instrial proction has increased by almost 80% since
1921. Less people are now living in poverty and ever before, since the
number of unemployment decreased from 11.9 million (1921) to 4.1
million (1927).

However, not every American benefit from the boom in the early 1920s.
In fact, more unemployment is created through the boom than new
employment. Older instries such as farming, coal, leather and
textiles suffered greatly. As we can see, the total US farm income
dropped from $22 billion in 1919 to just $13 billion in 1928. In
America, 60 million are involved in the farming instry, most of them
unskilled workers who live in rural areas, once they were forced off
their land, they migrated to cities where there was little demand for
their labour. Furthermore, there was a strike in the coal instry in
North Carolina, where workers were paid only $18-$9 for a 70hrs week
(while most Americans considered that $48 per week to be a reasonable
wage). Leather and textiles instry are facing serious competition
from other countries where there are cheaper labours. While old
instries begins to collapse, new instries such as car, telephone
and radio are taking over, those ‘new instries’ requires less
labour, seeing their proction lines relies on machines.

The statement above states that “America today are nearer to final
triumph over poverty than ever before in the history of any land.”
This might be true, however, 42% of Americas are still living below
the poverty line. Majority of the Americans’ wages did not increase on
the same scale as company profits or dividends paid to shareholders.
In Chicago, the problem is highlighted, when only three per cent of
semi-skilled workers owned a car (while 29% owned a car in cities),
and only one radio for every three householders in poorer districts of
Chicago. Moreover, chain stores across America served mainly the
middle-class, while poor Americans are being disregarded.

To draw the conclusion, I would say that, only a few Americans – such
as shareholders and company owners – benefits from the economic boom,
while majority of Americans are still under the poverty line. From my
point of view, I feel that America still has got a long way to go to
until the final triumph over poverty.

6
Economic Depression in 1930's

The 1930's in America were a very eventful time and the depression hit
the economy hard. America suffered very badly and recovery was hard
because the Wall Street Crash had already weakened America.

[IMAGE] The depression was e to many reasons including
overproction, slow down in foreign trade, speculation and many other
affects.

Overproction of goods and food in America, prices went down and
farmers were unable to sell their food. Surplus food was destroyed and
farmers were paid for not procing.

The Wall Street Crash effected public confidence and far fewer people
were putting money into the stock market. There was a wave of
bankruptcies and American businesses perished. The crash brought the
economy to its knees and the depression was imminent.

As the Crash hit and the depression set in, America decide to put very
high tariffs on foreign goods coming into America, the Fordney Mcumber
act was introced. As this happened the economy slowly started to get
better as people were forced to buy American goods. This was called
protectionism and eventually no foreign goods were being sold in
America. As other countries goods weren't being sold in America these
countries decided to put very high tariffs on American goods, this
stopped the slow climb up and bought it straight back down.

Under consumption was another long-term affect that led to the
depression. Goods had already been purchased and there was no need for
any more/eg: If someone bought the "model T" she/he wouldn't need to
buy a new one for at least two years, this also damaged the economy.

The use of credit on new items was introced, as many Americans lost
all their money on the stock market a lot of this credit couldn't be
paid of. This lost millions for the companies that offered credit.

Conclusion

Many factors affected the depression, I believe that the short-term
affect of the Wall Street Crash was the biggest factor that led to the
depression, it brought the US economy to its knee and made it very
venerable to small after effects.

⑶ 关于英语毕业论文

我带的一个写手可能能帮到你 嘿嘿 但是他肯定要收费

⑷ 英语专业论文

以下是些英语论文,里面有很多的,可以参考下:)~~
英语毕业论文
http://222.200.99.123:5353/03-yilx/

英语论文类文章1001篇,里面有很多的:)~
http://www.51papers.com/lw/list3-8.htm

英文的毕业论文
http://www.happycampus.com.cn/pages/2004/04/19/D132307.html
或:)
http://www.63263.com/ecation/reference/papers/

英语毕业论文[1829]
毕业论文的引文[208]
毕业论文选题和观点方面的…[139]
毕业论文的评价[83]
http://www.chinaetr.com/Article_Show.asp?ArticleID=1398

教育论文网：）很多的
http://www.51papers.com/lw/list3-1.htm
英语论文：）
http://www.51papers.com/lw/list3-1.htm

⑸ 英语专业的毕业论文怎么写

下面我们来说说英语专业的毕业论文怎么写：

关于选题

英语专业能选择的方向包括翻译、教学、语言学、文学等主要几大类。从身边同学撰写的感受来看，翻译和文字方向比较好下手，相比之下，教学研究调查类论文则需要花大量时间收集资料，出问卷，访谈，做数据分析等等。这里主要谈一谈翻译类方向如何确定选题。首先，要确定自己的研究文本,
可以是一本书，一部电影，实地景点翻译研究等等……主要是选择自己感兴趣的研究对象，毕竟撰写论文是一个十分漫长且枯燥的过程,选一个喜欢的文本会是你想坚持下去的理由。其次就是选择一个比较合适但是又不要太常见的翻译理论，比如功能对等，目的论啥的，再结合文本中某一个比较细小的角度去研究。总之，翻译理论，文本，切入点三者必须有一两个比较创新，这样不容易撞题。

我去年自己去参加开题答辩的时候，同一个答辩场竟然有两位同学跟我理论和切入点一模一样! !
不过幸好我的文本比较新，也花了很多心思，最后拿到了优秀论文嘻嘻。这里提醒大家，选题不要过于着急，而且在选题的过程中要反复去知网查证自己选的理论能否适用于自己的翻译文本研究，相关的研究多不多，早期多投入一些时间，后期开始撰写的时候几乎没有太大问题。

关于撰写

其实本科生的论文大多都是没什么内容的，因为都是在总结前人的研究成果，关键是你会不会用自己的话去阐述，从而避免知网查证不合格的想象发生。翻译方向的论文只有第四章是自己的内容，这一章节需要花大量时间寻找最合适的例子，将理论运用其中，达到你最终的目的。这里需要大家注意的是，千万不要出现低级的语法语言错误，这样你会被你的导师批斗死。不要指望导师给你该内容该语法，他只会给你基本的大方向和建议，论文的撰写完全要靠自己。

关于查重

在学校查重之前，建议大家最好自己去查重一下。Paper系列里面建议使用PaperPP，相对准确一点。turnitin也是一个比较常见的英文论文查重系统，个人觉得偏高一点，价格在4.0元/千字。除了这个，知网、维普、万方也是可以查重英文论文的，turnitin的查重率在百分之20，学校知网查重结果百分之7，如果大家查重费用比较充足，可以直接用知网，结果是最准确的。

关于答辩

论文答辩我觉得最重要的就是要熟悉自己的论文，熟悉到答辩老师一问你就知道是在论文的哪一章节，哪一位置，最好提前预设一下问题我还是比较幸运的，被问到的三个问题有导师之前就问过我的，有的是我准备到的。实在不懂的话，就直接道歉吧，俗话说的好，答辩答辩，只答不辨，疯狂道歉哈哈。

好了，今天就讲到这里了，希望今年的考研er都要加油呀!写论文也不可怕，合理安排好时间，你一定既能考上研也能拿到优秀论文，祝你好运!

⑹ 英语论文研究背景

background and meanings of selected topic
dissertation research methods and practice plan

⑺ 英语论文 研究方法

我是在VIP英语论文找他们帮忙的，半个月的时间就帮我搞定了，之后导师要什么参考文献，数据演示和截图，他们都给我搞好了，觉得服务挺周到的，呵呵
xtjugktpxv

⑻ 求一篇英语研究性学习的论文

一、研究性学习的背景及特点
从20世纪80年代末开始，世界各国开始对本国的教育系统作重大改变，教育改革的一个基本点和共同点集中在如何使本国的青少年具备21世纪所需要的“关键能力”，即用新技术获取和处理信息的能力、主动探究能力、分析和解决问题的能力、与人合作及责任感、终生学习的能力等。要培养这些能力，仅靠传统的学科和原有的学习方式显然不行。于是，project--based learning或project learning,(我国称之为“研究性学习”)，应运而生。研究性学习是20世纪80年代末以来国际教育界比较普遍推崇和实施的一种新课程。这种课程源于美国，自20世纪80年代杜威提倡“新教育”以来，美国中小学始终比较强调学校与社会、教育与生活的联系，强调学生自主地探究学习。1996年美国国家科学院推出的《国家科学教育标准》明确指出，科学探究是科学教育的核心，学校教育要把科学探究作为获取知识和认识世界的一种方法，突出了学生主动探究的学习在整个教育中的地位和作用。其他国家也在这方面表达了相同的认识。
什么是研究性学习?从广义理解，研究性学习泛指学生主动探究的学习活动，它是一种学习的理念、策略、方法，适用于学生对所有学科的学习。从狭义看，作为一门独立的课程，研究性学习指在教学过程中以问题为载体，创设一种类似科学研究的情境和途径，让学生通过自己收集、分析处理信息来实际感受和体验知识的生产过程，进而了解社会，学会学习，培养分析问题，解决问题的能力和创造能力。
研究性学习它有以下特点：
1.“问题”(或专题、课题)是研究性学习的载体，整个课程主要围绕着问题的提出和解决来组织学生的学习活动
在研究性学习活动中，指导者通常不是提供一篇教材，让学生理解、记忆，而是呈现一个需要学习、探究的问题(专题或课题)。这个问题可以由展示一个案例、介绍某些背景或创设一种情景引出，也可直接提出；可以由教师提出，也可以引导学生自己发现和提出。
2.开放性是研究性学习在内容选择上的主要特点
在研究性学习中，问题多来自学生生活着的现实世界，内容涉及的面可以相当广泛教材、校园以外的各种教育资源，学生学习途径、方法不一，最后研究结果的内容和形式各异，它必然会突破原有学科教学的封闭状态，把学生置于一种动态，开放、主动、多元的学习环境中。
3.研究性学习过程主要由学生自己负责完成
研究性学习强调以学生的自主性，探究性学习为基础，在确定研究性学习的内容后，通常采用学生个人或小组合作的方式来进行，整个课程的内容、方式、进度、实施地点，最后的表现形态主要取决于学生个人或学生小组的努力。学生在老师的指导下，在规定的时间内，成为某一个研究课题的提出者、设计者、实施者，他对课程目标的达成负有主要的责任。
4.综合性、社会性和实践性是研究性学习内容组织时应重视的几个方面
综合性即围绕某个专题组织多方面或跨学科的知识内容，以利于知识的融合贯通和多角度、多层面的思考问题；社会性即加强理论知识与社会生活实际的联系，特别关注与人类生存、社会发展密切相关的重大问题，注意开发社区资源；实践性即在学习间接经验的同时，提供学习直接经验并在探究实践中获得积极情感体验的途径与机会。