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英语敬语

发布时间: 2021-09-04 14:21:33

英语里有类似“您”这样的敬语吗如果没有的话是为什么

在十七世纪以前,用于正式文本的你的单词是you,而用于亲密的,熟悉的人之间,是thou,thou因此也有了一些不尊重的意味。这两个词的用法的区别可以勉强认为同于你和您的区别。不过到17世纪之后,thou在日常英语中逐渐淡出,you被广泛使用。目前thou只在个别方言里面还在使用。不过另一方面,在早期圣经翻译成英语的时候,当与神对话用到你这个称呼的时候,使用了thou而没有使用you。这样,在基督教的宗教场合,thou这个词就显得高上大了,当然这个时候常见的是宾语形式thee。圣经的早期英语翻译使用thou而不用you并不是因为不尊重,而是遵从很多其他拉丁语言的传统,在这个地方使用非正式的,显得更加亲密的称呼。这也说明thou和you的区别在当时与汉语里面你和您的区别不完全等同。
麻烦采纳,谢谢!

⑵ 英文书信的称呼问题

一、称呼语(Salutation)
英文书信中的称呼语有多种形式:
1.在不知道收信人姓名的情况下,有以下几种称呼方式:
Dear Sir(to a man if the name is unknown)
Dear Madam(to a woman whose name is unknown)
Dear Sir/Madam(to cover both sexes)
如果是寄往某公司的信还可用“Dear Sirs”。但注意不要写成“DearMadame”,Dear madame为法语,意为“夫人”,多与姓一起用,也不要用“Dear Mister”和“Dear Friend”作称呼语。
2.在知道收信人姓名的情况下,有以下几种称呼方式:
Dear Mr Smith(for a man)
Dear Mrs Brown(for a married woman)
Dear Miss Jones(for a single woman)
Dear Ms Todd(Ms does not reveal the marital status of a woman)
下面以“Winston Smith”(温斯顿·史密斯)为例看一看几种称呼方式及其意义。
①“Dear Mr Smith”:用于以前有过联系的情况。
②“Dear Smith”:仅用于男性上司对他熟悉的下级的称谓。
③“Dear Winston”:用于彼此关系密切的情况。如果与Smith先生很熟悉,见面时就称呼他的名字,那么写信时也可这样称呼,否则不可。
在给女士写信时,称呼语的用法比对男士就更要复杂些了。如写信给“Jane Brown”女士,可能会有“Dear Miss Brown”、“Dear Mrs Brown”、“DearMs Brown”这几种情况。用哪种更合适,了解对方是一方面,但更重要的是记住按“收信人喜欢的方式称呼”这一原则。如果来信上的署名是“JaneBrown”,回信时称呼语就该写成“Dear Ms Brown”;如果署名为“Jane Brown(Mrs)”,称呼语就该为“Dear Mrs Brown”。这是因为有的人比较正统,她们不愿别人把“夫人”、“小姐”这两个概念搞混,便在她们署名的后边注上(Mrs)或(Miss)以提示对方。
在亲属、亲友的信中常看到“My dear”、“My dearest”、“My darling”这样的称呼语。长辈给晚辈写信时,即使为同性别,也常用称呼语“My dear”。
二、敬语(The Complimentary Close)
敬语又称结束语,它是一种客套语,类似中文书信中的“谨上”,但英文书信中的敬语往往要与信中的称呼语相呼应。如果称呼语是“Dear Sir”或“Dear Madam”,敬语就该为“Yours faithfully”;如果称呼语是“Dear MrSmith”或“Dear Mrs Brown”敬语就该为“Yours sincerely”。“Yours truly”、“Sincerely(yours)”、“Very truly yours”在美国英语中常见。而“Yours affec-tionately”、“Yours respectfully”现已不大使用了。
一般私人信件中敬语常用“Best wishes”,朋友间常用“Yours ever”,恋人、亲属间常用“love”做敬语。而今在女性朋友之间的信中也常见用“love”作敬语。“All my love”或“Yours fraternally”现已不用了。

⑶ “尊敬的”用英语怎么

若表示信件中的“尊敬的父母”或者其他,用dear
加称呼若一般情况下用respectfulwell-beloved也可以

⑷ 敬语都有什么词汇

如果是英语的话,英语好像没有“敬语”一说,“敬语”更多指的是韩语、日语当中的情况。英语当中指的是 用一种更礼貌的说法来表示你原本想表达的意思。
比如问名字,“你叫什么名字?”礼貌一些的说法是“请问您叫什么名字?”那么在英语中的相对应的说法就是 What's your name? 礼貌一些的是 May I have your name, please?
还有比如用would like代替want 也是一种更有礼貌的表达方式

⑸ 英语信件末尾的敬语该怎样写

With Best Wishe祝好

⑹ 中国最专业的英语敬语翻译

[词典] honorific; [例句]所有雇员相互称呼时都须在名字后添加敬语san(日语表示“先生”,“女士”)。 All employees will refer to each other by the honorific suffix 'san'.

⑺ 英语里的敬语“你”怎么说

英语里只有对陛下称呼才会用敬语,不像日语里那样
对陛下(直接称呼)Your Majesty;(间接称呼)His [Her]Majesty

⑻ 英语里面有没敬语

谦恭自贬、普通人(commoners)与地位较低的人(people with lower status)
愚:I, the unintelligent
鄙:I, the less ecated
敝:I, the unrefined
卑:I, from a lower class
窃:I, who did not give you proper notice
仆:I, your servant (male)
婢:I, your servant (female)
妾:I, your concubine
在下:I, who am humbler and lower than you
小人:I, the insignificant (usually male)
小女:I, the insignificant and female
草民:I, the worthless commoner
奴才:I, your slave/servant (male)
奴婢:I, your slave/servant (female)
奴家:I, your wife
年长者(elders)
老朽:I, who am old and unable
老夫:I, who am old and respected
老汉:I, who am an old man
老拙:I, who am old and clumsy
老衲:I, the old monk
老身:I, this old body (for a lady referring to herself)
皇室(the royal family)
孤:I, the ruler of a kingdom (literally, 'alone' - refers to the fact that the king ascends the throne upon becoming orphaned)【指皇帝登基之时父亲已经去世】
寡:I, the ruler of a kingdom (same as above)
寡人:I, the ruler of a kingdom (same as above)
不谷:I, the ruler of a dissolute kingdom (literally, 'proce no grain')【不产粮食】
朕:I, the emporer (originally a generic first person pronoun, later exclusively used by emperors from the Qin Dynasty onward)【本为普通第一人称代词,秦以后为皇帝专用】
本宫:I, the empress/concubine
哀家:I, the emperor's mother (literally 'the sad house', indicating the grief of the deceased former emperor)【指对去世先帝所感到的悲伤】
臣妾:I, your concubine
儿臣:I, your son official/subject
官员(government officials)
臣:I, your subject (officials addressing themselves in front of the emperor, in official writing, the character should be written half the size of normal font in front of the name)【官员在皇帝面前自称;在书面语中,这个字写在名字前,字号是正常大小的一半】
下官:I, the low official (officials addressing themselves in front of a superior official)【在上级面前官员的自称】
末官:I, the lesser official
小吏:I, the small scribe/official
卑职:I, the humble position (officials addressing their patrons or someone of equal rank)【官员在对自己有好处的人与同级官吏面前的自称】
末将:I, the lowest general (generals addressing themselves in front of superiors)【将官在上级面前自称】
本官:I, your superior (used when the official must assert his ranking in front of lower officials)【在下级官员面前使用】
学术或宗教职位(scholarly or religious professions)
小生:I, who was born later
晚生:I, who was born later
晚学:I, who started studying later
不才:I, who am without talent
不佞:I, who am without talent
不肖:I, who did not respect you
晚辈:I, who belong to a younger generation (therefore lower/humbler)
贫僧:I, the poor monk
贫尼:I, the poor nun
说话者自己的家庭(the speaker's family)
家~:prefix for elder family members (living)【指在世的家庭长者】
先~:prefix for elder family members (deceased)【指去世的家庭长者】
舍~:prefix for younger family members
小儿:my son, who is small
小女:my daugher, who is small
内人/内子:referring to one's wife
愚~:prefix for referring to one's self and one's family members
犬子:my son, who is comparable to a puppy
拙夫:my husband, who is inferior
拙荆:my wife, who is inferior
贱内:the one within (i.e. my wife), who is worthless
寒舍:my worthless residence
对别人说话或提及他人(addressing or referring to others)
帝王(emperors)
万岁:you, of ten thousand years (here 'ten-thousand' is a marker for a large number. Years here refers specifically to 'years of age')【万指很大的数字;岁专指年龄】
万岁爷:you, the lord of ten thousand years
圣上:you, the holy up high
圣驾:you, the holy procession
天子:the son of heaven (when referring to the emperor in a third person)【第三人称指皇帝】
陛下:beneath your ceremonial ramp (used when referring to the emperor directly)【用于直接指称皇帝】
龙体:the dragon's body (emperor's body, health)【指皇帝的身体或健康】
龙颜:the dragon's face (emperor's face, mood)【指皇帝的脸部或情绪】
重要人物(important people)
殿下:beneath your palace (for members of the imperial family)【用于皇室成员】
王爷:you, the princely lord (for kings and princes)【用于亲王与王子】
爵爷:you, the noble lord (for kes, marquesses, earls, viscounts, and barons)【用于公侯伯子男各级贵族】
麾下:beneath your flag (for generals) 【军官用语】
卿:official (for the royal family to address officials)【皇室对官员的称呼】
节下:beneath your ceremonial banner (for ambassadors)【外交官用语】
阁下:beneath your pavilion (for important people)【对重要人物】
前辈:you, who belong to an older generation
对方家庭成员(the addressee's family members)
令尊/令尊翁:the beautiful and respectful (i.e. your father)
令堂/令寿堂:the beautiful and dignified (i.e. your mother)
令阃:the beautiful door to the woman's room (i.e. your wife)
令兄:the beautiful elder brother (i.e. your brother)
令郎/令公子:the beautiful yong lord (i.e. your son)
令爱/令媛:the beautiful and beloved (i.e. your daughter)
令千金:the beautiful and a thousand gold (i.e. your daughter)
尊上:the respectful above (i.e. your father)
尊公/尊府/尊君:the respectful lord (i.e. your father)
尊堂:the respectful and dignified (i.e. your mother)
尊亲:the respectful related (i.e. your relatives)
尊驾:the respectful procession (i.e. you, the guest)
贤桥梓:the virtuous you (father and son)
贤伉俪:the virtuous you (husband and wife)
贤昆仲:the virtuous you (brothers)
贤昆玉:the virtuous you (sisters)
自家人(one's own family)
贤妻:you, my esteemed wife
贤弟/贤棣:you, my esteemed younger brother
贤侄:you, my esteemed nephew
夫人:you, my wife
夫君:you, my husband
郎君:you, my husband
官人:you, my husband
相公:you, my husband
仁兄:you, my kind older brother
爱~:prefix for beloved family members, e.g. 爱妾
朋友(friends)
贤家:the virtuous house (i.e. you)
贤郎:the virtuous young man (i.e. your son)
贤弟:the virtuous younger brother (either addressing one's own younger brother, or referring to the listener's younger brother) 【可指自家弟弟也可指对方弟弟】
仁兄:the kind older brother (older male friend)
仁公:the kind lord (when addressing someone senior)
长辈或去世的人(elders or deceased)
丈~:prefix for old people
太~:prefix for elders
先帝:dead emperor
先考/先父:dead father
显考:honorable deceased father
先慈/先妣:dead mother
显妣:honorable deceased mother
先贤:dead knowledgeable person
亡~:prefix for deceased younger people
陌生人或社会交往(strangers or social encounters)
贵子弟:your honorable son
贵家长:your honorable parent(s)
贵公司:your honorable company
贵宝号:your valuable business
贵国:your honorable country
贵姓:your honorable surname
贵庚:your honorable age
相公:term of address for any young gentleman
府上:your home

⑼ 请问,英文信中,用敬语开头的词,都有哪些

在英文书信中要使用敬语,最普遍的敬语是Mr, Mrs和Miss(用于未婚女性)。英国人常在男性的姓名之后用Esq. (Esquire的缩写),不过在商业上也在慢慢地改用Mr. Mmes. (Madam的复数形式),用于二个女士以上。Messrs(Mr的复数形式)用于二个以上的男人,或用于二个以上的男人组成的公司或团体。在英国式英文信里,Mr, Mrs, Messrs,均不加缩写句点,相反地趋向于进步自由的美语反而加缩写句点如Mr., Mrs., Messrs.。在称呼方面,商业上最普遍的有Gentlemen(美国式)与Dear Sirs(英国式)二种,相当于我国的"敬启者"或"谨启者"。

⑽ 英语公文中 结束的敬语是什么

Yours Sincerely

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