师生play

① 假如你是李华,你校将组织在校师生周六去游乐场游玩,请写一封邮件邀请外教Brya

Dear Brya,
I hope you haven’ any plan for the Saturday as we’d like you to spend it with us at playground . It’s simply beautiful here now and it is great fun.
We will set out at 8 a. m and we’ll take the bus there.Thus,we will meet at the school gate at half past seven.Then we will return at 5p.m and you should bring some food with you.If you hungry you can eat at that time.
Then we can here play the roller coaster,merry-go-round,bumper cars,bungee jump and so on. We also can watch the 4-D movie.
We hope nothing will prevent you from coming, as we’re looking forward to your coming.And I think Your participation will add color to us . Looking forward to your rely.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua

② 如何设计教案 play+球类 play+乐器

教学设计
1、教学目标：
（一）知识目标
1）学习新单词concert, Chinese, instrument, erhu, pipa,violin, guitar.
2）学习新句型
What did they play?
Dad played the erhu. And Mum played the pipa.
（二）技能目标
1）学会描述过去发生的事件。
2）学会用英语正确表达“演奏某种乐器”。
（三）情感目标
1）通过谈论中国音乐会和中国乐器，对孩子们进行爱国主义教育。
2）提高学生欣赏中国乐曲的能力。
2、内容分析：
本单元的内容以谈论过去进行的音乐会为主线，学习动词的过去式，学会正确表达“演奏某种乐器”。
3、学情分析：
小学四年级的学生已经具有较强的英语学习能力，已经学习了一般过去时的表达。同时，大多数孩子养成了良好的听说习惯，能够自觉预习、复习课文。
4、设计思路：
本节课从小学生已有的生活经验着手，巧妙地将学习内容与实际生活紧密联系在一起。例如，复习环节教师先向学生提问Where did you go last weekend?Where did you go yesterday?时间由远到近，师生间进行真实的口语交际。而后，以“猜猜老师昨晚去哪里了？”，引导孩子们正确使用过去式来表达心中的想法Ms … went to …。新授环节则把学习英语和感受旋律优美的中国音乐结合在一起，学习有关乐器的单词和表达方式，同时让孩子们欣赏到著名的琵琶曲《十里埋伏》、二胡曲《二泉映月》、小提琴协奏曲《梁山伯和祝英台》等。
三、教学过程描述

教学环节
及时间

教师活动

学生活动

对学生学习过程的观察和考查，以及及设计意图

Step 1 Warmer （热身
活动）
3 minutes

1. Greeting.
T: Hello, boys and girls .Nice to see you again . In this class, we’ll have a compitition between Team 1 and Team 2.
2. Let’s sing a song.
I saw a music man. CD-ROM
3. Look and say.
is---was are---were
eat---ate see---saw
buy---bought go ---went
run---ran come---came
play---played clap---clapped

1. Ss sing the song together.
2. Ss look and say the words together.

唱英文歌I saw a music man.热身，在轻松的气氛中复习有关乐器类单词。
复习几个常见动词的现在时和过去式，为进一步学习打好铺垫。

Step 2 Lead-in （导入）
5 minutes

1. Ask and answer.
Where did you go last weekend?
What did you do there?
Where did you go yesterday?
I went to …
2、T：Look! Who’s this?Where did I go yesterday? Guess, please.
S：Ms Fan went to …
T: Look! I went to a concert.
Learn the word“concert”.
It was a Chinese concert.
T: And I like Chinese music.
Do you like Chinese music?
Learn to say: Chinese music

1.Ss answer the questions.
2. Ss learn the new word and phrases.
concert
Chinese music

从学生的真实生活出发，问答“上周末你去哪里了？在那里你做了什么？”“昨天你去了哪里？”时间上由远及近，引导学生正确回答自己过去所去过的地方及所做的事情，例如:I went to the park last weekend. I played with my friends.
I went to the supermarket with my mum.I bought a new pen.
随后，引导孩子们考教师的照片，猜一猜“老师昨晚做了什么？”孩子们的好奇心被激发，巧妙引出新单词concert和短语
Chinese music.

Step 3 Presentations （新授）
18 minutes

1. Learn the new words:
erhu,pipa CAI
T：Look! What’s this?
It’s an erhu.
What’s an erhu?
It’s a Chinese instrument.
Do you want to listen to the music?
And what does it look like?
It looks like a violin.
(pipa, listen to the music, guitar)
2.Let’s say and act.
Look at these Chinese instruments.
T: It’s an erhu.
Ss: Play the erhu.
(pipa drum flute
guitar piano violin )
3.Show the title.
T: Today we’ll learn a dialogue about concert and music.
Let’s learn Mole 4 Unit 1. Dad played the erhu.
4.Listen and understand, then answer the question.
What did Lingling’went yesterday?
What did Dad play?
What did Mum play ?
5. Listen and repeat the dialogue twice. CD-Rom

1. Ss learn the new words and phrases.
erhu
Puipa
Chinese instrument
2. Ss learn the new words and enjoy the Chinese music.
3. Ss listen and repeat the dialogue twice.

1.看图片、欣赏二胡名曲和琵琶名曲，学习新单词erhu ，pipa及其相关表达方式.
2.运用全身反应法，引导学生快速说有关演奏乐器的短语、做动作，巩固新知，并活跃课堂气氛。
3. 引导学生带着三个问题听课文，把握对话的大意。

Step 4 Consolidation （巩固）
10 minutes

1.Practise this dialogue in roles. CD-Rom
2. Picture talking.
What did he play?
(play football, play basketball, play pingpang)
What did She play?
(play the flute, play thepipa, play the erhu)
3.A guessing game.
Listen and guess!
What’s the instrument? CAI
4. Let’s talk about Animal concert! (Practise in 4’s)
(P17 Activity 4)

1.Ss practise this dialogue.
2. Ss ask and answer
3. Ss play the guessing game and enjoy the beautiful Chinese music.

1. 为了便于学生掌握 play在球类和乐器前的用法，从学生在前几册学习的球类运动词组入手，采用归类法，引导学生发现规律：乐器前面一定加the,球类前不需要加the。
2. 谈论书上“动物音乐会”，有效巩固新知，复习动物类单词。

Step 5 Consolidation
(拓展)
2 minutes

1. Enjoy some posts of concerts.
2.Let’s learn a famouse saying.
No music, no life!

Ss enjoy some posts of concerts and learn a famous saying.

欣赏一些音乐会的海报，学习一句名言“没有音乐就没有生活”，扩展学生的知识面。

Step 6 Homework （家庭作业）
2 minutes

1.Listen and repeat the dialogue of Mole 4 Unit 1.
2.Enjoy a CD or a concert with your parents.

与家人一起参加一场音乐会或者欣赏一张CD，引导孩子们走近高雅音乐。

四、教学反思
这节课的教学主题是音乐会（concert），本教学设计从学生的实际生活和教师的真实生活着手，引导学生学会谈论过去发生的事情，掌握“演奏某种乐器”的表达方式。同时，注重音乐学科和英语学科的整合，把音乐元素巧妙融入课堂教学之中，引导孩子们走近中国民乐和高雅音乐会。
一、问答传递真实信息，拉近师生距离
课前热身活动设计为师生间问答，训练学生英语口语表达能力。通过提问Where did you go
last weekend?Where did you go yesterday? What did you do there?引导学生使用相关动词的过去式回答。孩子们在问答中能用完整的句子交流自己真实的生活信息，促进师、生间的了解。随后，教师从自身生活出发，让孩子们猜一猜“老师昨晚去了哪里？”（What did I do last night?），激发孩子们的好奇心，引导学生学会谈论他人过去所做过的事情。同时，巧妙引出课文中句子“I went to a concert yesterday.”学习新单词concert和词组Chinese music。
二、学科整合，知识整合
针对本篇对话的内容，我将音乐元素融入英语学习之中，在新授、巩固和拓展环节中均有体现，进行学科整合的有效探索。在学习新单词eh,pipa 时，我让孩子们看乐器的图片，欣赏二胡名曲《二泉映月》和琵琶名曲《十里埋伏》，感受这两种中国民乐的魅力。在巩固环节中，请孩子们听音乐猜猜是哪种乐器演奏的，在轻松地学习气氛中，让孩子们欣赏到各种乐器演奏的名曲。在拓展环节中，和学生一起欣赏一些音乐会的海报，向孩子们传递“学会欣赏高雅音乐”的信息。学习一句有关音乐的英语名言”没有音乐就没有生活！”（No music, no life!），引导学生学会体味音乐在人们生活中的重要性。
三、归类记忆，渗透学习方法
我们常说，授之以鱼不如授之以渔。在英语课堂教学中，教师教给学生英语学习方法是十分必要的。本教学设计重点向孩子们推荐了归类记忆法，帮助他们梳理所学的英语知识。例如，在新授环节，学习完新单词erhu,pipa 之后，将中国乐器和西洋乐器进行了归类，集中复习乐器类单词和相关表达方式。在巩固环节，将球类运动归类记忆，并引导学生将“进行球类运动”对比“演奏乐器”的表达，让学生自己发现其中的学习规律。

③ 师生离别时的英语祝语

I found a few for you. Now I have to say fareware.

“Welcome ever smiles,

And farewell goes out sighing.”
William Shakespeare quotes (English Dramatist, Playwright and Poet, 1564-1616)

Similar Quotes.

“That farewell kiss which resembles greeting, that last glance of love which becomes the sharpest pang of sorrow.”
George Eliot quotes (English Victorian Novelist. Pseudonym of Mary Ann Evans, 1819-1880)

“Sweets to the sweet: farewell!”
William Shakespeare quotes (English Dramatist, Playwright and Poet, 1564-1616)

“Don't be dismayed at goodbyes, a farewell is necessary before you can meet again and meeting again, after moments or lifetimes, is certain for those who are friends.”
Richard Bach quotes (American Writer, author of 'Jonathan Livingston Seagull', b.1936)

...
“Here's to the bright New Year, and a fond farewell to the old; here's to the things that are yet to come, and to the memories that we hold.”

“The play is done; the curtain drops,

Slow falling to the prompter's bell

A moment yet the actor stops

And looks around to say farewell.

It is an irksome word and task:

And when he's laughed and said his say,

He shows, as he removes the mask,

A face that's anything but gay.”
William Makepeace Thackeray quotes (Indian born English Author and Novelist of 'Vanity Fair', 1811-1863)

“Never say goodbye, say farewell.”

“Every day I shall put my papers in order and every day I shall say farewell. And the real farewell, when it comes, will only be a small outward confirmation of what has been accomplished within me from day to day.”
Etty Hilsum quotes

“Farewell -- farewell,

For I am weary of the weight of time.”
William Butler Yeats quotes (Irish prose Writer, Dramatist and Poet. Nobel Prize for Literature in 1923. 1865-1939)

④ 翻译 麻烦啦，谢谢

In that case, how to improve classroom interaction between them? First, emphasis on the classroom session. Conversation is an important part of learning English is the language students in the form of better training. The new materials are scheled to start the conversation, the conversation through the creation of the scene, causing the students learning. When I was with a student and together childlike innocence quiz, games, along with the creation of a dialogue scene, and they play a role in dispute, they will be very happy. Secondly, the use of multimedia in the classroom. Multi-media, the modern means of ecation can fully mobilize the students of audio-visual senses. Listen to audio and watch video to promote the interest of students, but also the image of a more performance we have learned knowledge of English. English sound recording, the standard pronunciation, the students will feel warm, especially in a period of Shengqingbingmao scenes video conversation, but also make the students feel a sense of students to see the positive after the imitation of the regular players will be Greatly improved the students listening and spoken communication skills. Xue up happy and enthusiastic. Third, the game moved into the classroom. Is the knowledge of the game, interesting and competitive entity. Students adapt to its active and lively nature, can become "boring" as "interesting" and passively accept the initiative for learning. Such as: it is difficult for students in a short period of time for each lesson will be learned and fluent expression patterns focus cooked in mind, teachers can make use of "whispering" of the game and train them to quickly and accurately listening, speaking, writing and language ability. Fourth, in the classroom to play their role. Harmonious relations between teachers and students to acquire knowledge of students is an important factor. When teaching the psychological distance between teachers and students to the extent possible, more recent, teachers can into the students, himself into the role. This experience and understanding to the meaning of the conversation, deepen the impression to help memory, will help develop students ability to think in English, such as teaching sessions "Hello, my name is .... What is your name, please?", The teacher can go Students to the seat edge, and asked the students to the proper guidance, said: "Nice to meet you.", The teacher can shake hands with the students, teachers and students in line with the tacit understanding, the students experienced the joy of success, students Teachers are not at arm's length, but the last of hi. Fifth, in the classroom scenes designed to perform. Performance in the classroom, you can make moves, scenes, language combine to facilitate direct students to understand and use English. And the creation or use of real-life scenes similar to the teachers through the scene, action and expression to hear the activities. Teachers do a good job to regulate movement, students are asked to take turns performing. If the unit 8 Could you please tell me where the restrooms are? A class, while the English-speaking teachers doing action model, and then select several students, playing a Policeman, a play the people want to ask for help teachers in the side When the audience and, if necessary, may prompt "lines", and then the whole class is divided into several groups performing on a rotational basis. Students on the content of the text and structure of the sentence will be familiar with. Sixth, in the classroom for some of the rhythmic sentences or poetry. Fresh and sprightly rhythm of poetry, the sound of loud reading read missing its melodious ease the atmosphere, read far-reaching artistic and spiritual enlightenment in order to give students. If the poem "Fly my nice kite / Fly my nice kite / Fly, fly very high / up to the sky." Students to recite this repeatedly, not only to understand the poetry, but also stimulate their imagination. In such a pleasant atmosphere, students can experience the fun of learning.

Then, how to enhance the classroom interaction? First, the classroom takes seriously to talk. The conversation is the English study important content, is carries on the speech training to the student the good form. The new teaching material's arrangement is by talks starts, is for the purpose of through the conversation establishment scene, arouses interest which the student studies. When I harbor a childlike innocence and the students guess a riddle together, the game, establishes the scene to talk together, struggles with them when develops a role, they can be very joyful. Second, uses in the classroom multimedia. Multimedia, this modernized ecation method can transfer the student seeing and hearing sense organ fully. Listens to the sound recording and watches the video recording, can promote student's interest, can also the figuring we study English knowledge. English sound recording, the standard pronunciation, will cause the student to feel kindly, specially a section will sing in good voice and with feeling the scene conversation video recording, will be makes the student one kind to experience personally the feeling, the student looked, the positive imitation, the regular broadcast, will enhance enormously, student's hearing and spoken language power of expression. Studies happily both and warm. Third, brings in the classroom the game. The game is knowledgeable, interesting, the competitive entity. It complies with the student lively active instinct, can change “tasteless” is “interesting”, changes accepts passively for the active learning. For example: Is very difficult in view of the student to study in a short time each class the key sentence pattern expression fluent and records the ripe situation, the teacher may use “the intimate conversation” the game, trained them fast, to listen, saying that to write accurately verbal skill. Fourth, plays own role in the classroom. The harmonious teachers and students relations are the student knowledge acquisition important attribute. When teaching teachers' and students' psychic distance must near as far as possible, the teacher be possible to melt in the student, the total involvement enters into the spirit. Like this realizes and the understanding conversation meaning, may deepen the impression, helps to remember, is advantageous in trains the student with English thought ability, like the teaching talks “Hello, my name is…. What is your name, please?” , the teacher may arrive at nearby student's seat, inquires and performs the suitable instruction to the student, was saying: “Nice to meet you.” , the teacher may shake hand with the student, in the teachers and students tacit understanding's coordination, the student realized the successful joy, the student was not keeps at a respectful distance to the teacher, but was happy and near it. Fifth, carries on the performance in the classroom design scene. Carries on the performance in the classroom, may cause the movement, the scene, the language organic synthesis, is advantageous trains the student to understand and the utilization English ability directly. Using or the creation and the practical life similar scene, the teacher with the aid in the scene, the movement and the expression carries on hears the activity. The teacher completes the standard movement first, then requests the student to perform in turn. If teaches unit 8 Could you please tell me where the restrooms are?

⑤ 我让最想被拥抱的男人给威胁了第几集是学生play

是第五集，学生play是舞台剧。

剧情简介如下：

东谷获得最佳男主角奖后新工作不断涌入，每天过着忙碌的生活。另一方面，高人对于承诺每天要来见他的东谷，连一通电话都没打来而感到不悦。就在此时东谷突然现身，将高人强压上车，车内流动着一股不安的空气。

高人在舞台剧“红叶鬼”中与东谷同时出道的演员绫木千广一起演出。为了让缺席第一天见面会的臭屁绫木了解演艺圈的残酷，高人在排练时对绫木严厉指导。对高人感到不悦的绫木，为了掌握高人的弱点而找他去喝酒。

剧情简介

电视动画《我让最想被拥抱的男人给威胁了。》改编自樱日梯子创作的同名耽美恋爱漫画作品，于2018年3月25日举办的“AnimeJapan 2018”活动上宣布动画化的决定。动画由CloverWorks负责制作，于2018年10月5日起播出。全13话。

连续5年获得“最想被他拥抱的男人排行榜第1位”的资深演员・西条高人、以及夺走了这个宝座的新人演员・东谷准太。以演艺界为背景舞台展开的两位“最想被他拥抱的男人”之间的禁断绯闻。

⑥ 翻译悬赏500分

Sichuan, China earthquake 1SNS teaching building collapse

1ASNS.2008 years May 20 in China, Dujiangyan City, Nishikawa province filming new primary school buildings collapsed when the earthquake to see the old floor, next to nearly nothing down, where there are 239 students and teachers dead. China experts in the Ministry of Construction said: "The earthquake collapsed school buildings have quality problems. The death of so many children, our functional departments, they should reflect on."

1CSNS2008 years May 20, new primary schools in Dujiangyan City, the scene saw the ruins, some broken cement block, the steel is really surprising that no!

1BSNS.2008 years May 20, a mother in new primary and secondary schools found the ruins of a dead son's textbooks, sad cry.

1DSNS.2008 years May 20, the little boy with a box of milk came to the ruins of a new primary and secondary schools, to give the older sister had been killed to send milk to drink, he came every day after the earthquake.

3SNS children in the earthquake-stricken area in Sichuan China

3ASNS.2008 years May 23, in China's Sichuan province Hashimura County girl Ping Ping-Ping, from the earthquake rubble to find their favorite toys, happy to forget the sorrow.

3BSNS.2008 years May 23, China Ping County in Sichuan Province Hashimura Lingling girl, she cried: earthquake, and do not know what my mother gone?

3CSNS.2008 years May 23, in China's Sichuan province County Tigers Salt Village Elementary School students, after the first day of the earthquake disaster to the reopening of schools and tents.

3DSNS .2008 years May 23, China's Sichuan Province Salt Village tents County primary, primary and secondary school students in the field study, e to more than home security, light and spacious.

3ESNS.3FSNS.2008 years May 23, China's Sichuan Province Salt Village tents County primary school students said: earthquake-free Valentine's love, we refuel!

3GSNS.2008 years May 23, in China's Sichuan province County Salt tent village primary school students has been afraid of aftershocks after the earthquake, is class.

Meng 4AES ancient Chinese opera

4AAES.2008 years August 16, journalists in China's Jiangxi Province Meng广昌县to see the play, which is the origin of this to the early Ming Dynasty China, passing performances of more than 500 years, loved by locals, is the world's only preserved in China Tune in the Ming Dynasty, one of the four major sea salt cavity, known as the "Ancient Chinese opera Tune of living fossil" of the local opera. 4BAES.2006 years, been listed as China's first batch of intangible cultural heritage. The world is applying for non-cultural heritage.

4CAES. Guangchang Meng plays as a thanksgiving clan ancestors show a certain degree of performance practices, some performances in the shrines, and some performances in the streets. 4DAES. Ancient garb, masked generals, gods and so on are all ancestors inherited from the past, is in China to date, more complete preservation of the traditional historical drama.
我用的是金山词霸翻译的

⑦ play怎么读（中文谐音）

play

读音：英[pleɪ]，美[pleɪ]

释义：

（1）v.玩；比赛；（在运动队中）担当；演奏；播放；上演；发挥（作用）；处理；浮现；（喷泉）喷涌

（2）n.游戏；戏剧；比赛；发挥作用；闪烁

例句：Once he is free, he will play computer games.

只要他有空，他就玩电脑游戏。

(7)师生play扩展阅读

近义词

1、drama

读音：英['drɑːmə]，美['drɑːmə]

释义：n.戏剧；剧本；戏剧艺术；戏剧性事件

例句：I have no interest in drama.

我对戏剧不感兴趣。

2、perform

读音：英[pə'fɔːm]，美[pər'fɔːrm]

释义：v.执行；履行；表演；运转；举行

例句：Every manager must perform some ties of a ceremonial nature.

每个管理者必须执行一些礼仪性的任务。

⑧ 求英语的语法从小学到初中

11. 动词的时态

11.1 一般现在时的用法

1） 经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频腮度的时间状语连用。时间状语： every…, sometimes, at…, on Sunday。例如：

I leave home for school at 7 every morning. 每天早上我七点离开家。

2） 客观真理，客观存在，科学事实。例如：

The earth moves around the sun. 地球绕太阳转动。

Shanghai lies in the east of China. 上海位于中国东部。

3） 表示格言或警句。例如：

Pride goes before a fall. 骄者必败。

注意：此用法如果出现在宾语从句中，即使主句是过去时，从句谓语也要用一般现在时。

例：Columbus proved that the earth is round. 哥伦布证实了地球是圆的。

4） 现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。例如：

I don't want so much. 我不要那么多。

Ann writes good English but does not speak well. 安英语写得不错，讲的可不行。

比较：Now I put the sugar in the cup. 把糖放入杯子。

I am doing my homework now. 我正在做功课。

第一句用一般现在时，用于操作演示或指导说明的示范性动作，表示言行的瞬间动作。第二句中的now是进行时的标志，表示正在进行的动作的客观状况，所以后句用一般现在时。

返回动词的时态目录

11.2 一般过去时的用法

1）在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。例如：时间状语有：yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982等。例如：

Where did you go just now? 刚才你上哪儿去了？

2）表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。例如：

When I was a child, I often played football in the street. 我是个孩子的时候，常在马路上踢足球。

Whenever the Browns went ring their visit, they were given a warm welcome.

那时，布朗一家无论什么时候去，都受到热烈欢迎。

3）句型：It is time for sb. to do sth "到……时间了" "该……了"。例如：It is time for you to go to bed. 你该睡觉了。

It is time that sb. did sth. "时间已迟了" "早该……了" ，例如It is time you went to bed. 你早该睡觉了。

would （had） rather sb. did sth. 表示'宁愿某人做某事'。例如：I'd rather you came tomorrow.还是明天来吧。

4） wish, wonder, think, hope 等用过去时，作试探性的询问、请求、建议等，而一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去，现已不复存在。例如：I thought you might have some. 我以为你想要一些。

比较：Christine was an invalid all her life.（含义：她已不在人间。）

Christine has been an invalid all her life.（含义：她现在还活着）

Mrs. Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years. （含义：达比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。）

Mrs. Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years. （含义：现在还住在肯塔基州，有可能指刚离去）

注意： 用过去时表示现在，表示委婉语气。

1）动词want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等。例如：

Did you want anything else? 您还要些什么吗？

I wondered if you could help me. 能不能帮我一下。

2）情态动词 could, would。例如：

Could you lend me your bike? 你的自行车，能借用一些吗？

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11.3 used to / be used to

used to + do："过去常常"表示过去习惯性的动作或状态，但如今已不存在。例如：

Mother used not to be so forgetful. 老妈过去没那么健忘。

Scarf used to take a walk. 斯卡夫过去常常散步。

be used to + doing： 对……已感到习惯，或"习惯于"，to是介词，后需加名词或动名词。例如：

He is used to a vegetarian diet.

Scarf is used to taking a walk. 斯卡夫现在已习惯于散步了。

典型例题

---- Your phone number again? I ___ quite catch it.

---- It's 69568442.

A. didn't B. couldn't C. don't D. can't

答案A. 本句虽没有明确的时间状语，但从语意上看出，在听的时候没有听懂这个动作发生在过去，因此应用过去时。

返回动词的时态目录

11.4 一般将来时

1） shall用于第一人称，常被will 所代替。will 在陈述句中用于各人称，在征求意见时常用于第二人称。例如：

Which paragraph shall I read first？ 我先读哪一段呢？

Will you be at home at seven this evening? 今晚七点回家好吗？

2） be going to +不定式，表示将来。

a. 主语的意图，即将做某事。例如：What are you going to do tomorrow? 明天打算作什么呢？

b. 计划，安排要发生的事。例如：The play is going to be proced next month。这出戏下月开播。

c. 有迹象要发生的事。例如：Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm. 看那乌云，快要下雨了。

3） be +不定式表将来，按计划或正式安排将发生的事。例如：

We are to discuss the report next Saturday.我们下星期六讨论这份报告。

4） be about to +不定式，意为马上做某事。例如：

He is about to leave for Beijing. 他马上要去北京。

注意：be about to do 不能与tomorrow, next week 等表示明确将来时的时间状语连用。

返回动词的时态目录

11.5 be going to / will 用于条件句时，be going to表将来,will表意愿。例如：

If you are going to make a journey, you'd better get ready for it as soon as possible.

Now if you will take off your clothes, we will fit the new clothes on you in front of the mirror.

返回动词的时态目录

11.6 be to和be going to

be to 表示客观安排或受人指示而做某事，be going to 表示主观的打算或计划。例如：

I am to play football tomorrow afternoon. 明天下午我去踢球。（客观安排）

I'm going to play football tomorrow afternoon. 明天下午我想去踢球。（主观安排）

返回动词的时态目录

11.7 一般现在时表将来

1）下列动词come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return的一般现在时可以表示将来，主要用来表示在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。例如：

The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. 火车明天上午六点开。

When does the bus star? It stars in ten minutes. 汽车什么时候开？十分钟后。

2）以here, there等开始的倒装句，表示动作正在进行。例如：

Here comes the bus. = The bus is coming. 车来了。

There goes the bell. = The bell is ringing. 铃响了。

3）在时间或条件句中。例如：

When Bill comes （不是will come）, ask him to wait for me. 比尔来后，让他等我。

I'll write to you as soon as I arrive there. 我到了那里，就写信给你。

4）在动词hope, take care that, make sure that等的宾语从句中。例如：

I hope they have a nice time next week. 我希望他们下星期玩得开心。

Make sure that the windows are closed before you leave the room. 离开房间前，务必把窗户关了。

返回动词的时态目录

11.8 用现在进行时表示将来

下列动词come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return等现在进行时可以表示将来。例如：

I'm leaving tomorrow. 明天我要走了。

Are you staying here till next week? 你会在这儿呆到下周吗？

返回动词的时态目录

11.9 现在完成时

现在完成时用来表示之前已发生或完成的动作或状态，其结果的影响现在还存在；也可表示持续到现在的动作或状态。其构成：have （has） +过去分词。

返回动词的时态目录

11.10 比较一般过去时与现在完成时

1）一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。

2）一般过去时常与具体的时间状语连用，而现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。

一般过去时的时间状语：yesterday, last week，…ago, in1980, in October, just now等，皆为具体的时间状语。

现在完成时的时间状语：for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till/until, up to now, in past years, always等，皆不确定的时间状语。

共同的时间状语：this morning, tonight, this April, now, already, recently, lately 等。

3）现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的，如live, teach, learn, work, study, know.。

一般过去时常用的非持续性动词有come, go, leave, start, die, finish, become, get married等。例如：

I saw this film yesterday. （强调看的动作发生过了）

I have seen this film. （强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了）

Why did you get up so early? （强调起床的动作已发生过了）

Who hasn't handed in his paper? （强调有卷子未交，疑为不公平竞争）

He has been in the League for three years. （在团内的状态可延续）

He has been a League member for three years. （是团员的状态可持续）

句子中如有过去时的时间副词（如yesterday, last, week, in 1960）时，不能使用现在完成时，要用过去时。

（错）Tom has written a letter to his parents last night.

（对）Tom wrote a letter to his parents last night.

返回动词的时态目录

11.11 用于现在完成时的句型

1）It is the first / second time.... that…结构中的从句部分，用现在完成时。例如：

It is the first time that I have visited the city. 这是我第一次访问这城市。

This is the first time （that） I've heard him sing. 这是我第一次听他唱歌。

注意：It was the third time that the boy had been late.

2）This is +形容词最高级+that…结构，that 从句要用现在完成时。例如：

This is the best film that I've （ever） seen. 这是我看过的最好的电影。

典型例题

（1） ---Do you know our town at all?

---No, this is the first time I ___ here.

A. was B. have been C. came D. am coming

答案B. This is the first time 后面所加从句应为现在完成时，故选B。

（2） ---Have you ____ been to our town before?

---No, it's the first time I ___ here.

A. even, come B. even, have come C. ever, come D. ever, have come

答案D. ever意为曾经或无论何时，反意词为never，此两词常用于完成时。

注意：非延续性动词的否定形式可以与表示延续时间的状语连用。即动作不发生的状态是可以持续的。

（错）I have received his letter for a month.

（对）I haven't received his letter for almost a month.

返回动词的时态目录

11.12 比较since和for

Since 用来说明动作起始时间，for用来说明动作延续时间长度。例如：
I have lived here for more than twenty years.我住在这儿二十多年了。
I have lived here since I was born. 我从出生起就住在这儿了。
注意：并非有for 作为时间状语的句子都用现在完成时。
I worked here for more than twenty years. （我现在已不在这里工作。）
I have worked here for many years.（现在我仍在这里工作。）
注意：用句型转换的方法，很容易排除非延续动词在有for/since结构的完成时中的误用。
1）（对） Tom has studied Russian for three years. = Tom began to study Russian three years ago, and is still studying it now.
2）（错） Harry has got married for six years. = Harry began to get married six years ago, and is still getting married now.
显然，第二句不对，它应改为 Harry got married six years ago. 或 Harry has been married for six years.

返回动词的时态目录

11.13 since的四种用法

1） since +过去一个时间点（如具体的年、月、日期、钟点、1980, last month, half past six）。例如：

I have been here since 1989. 1989起，我一直在这儿。

2） since +一段时间+ ago。例如：

I have been here since five months ago. 我在这儿，已经有五个月了。

3） since +从句。例如：

Great changes have taken place since you left. 你走后，变化可大了。

Great changes have taken place since we were here. 我们走后，变化可大了。

4） It is +一段时间+ since从句。例如：

It is two years since I became a postgraate student. 我考上研究生有两年了。

返回动词的时态目录

11.14 延续动词与瞬间动词

1） 用于完成时的区别

延续动词表示经验、经历； 瞬间动词表示行为的结果，不能与表示段的时间状语连用。例如：

He has completed the work. 他已完成了那项工作。 （表结果）

I've known him since then. 我从那时起就认识他了。（表经历）

2） 用于till / until从句的差异

延续动词用于肯定句，表示"做……直到……" 瞬间动词用于否定句，表示"到……，才……"。例如：

He didn't come back until ten o'clock. 他到10 点才回来。

He slept until ten o'clock. 他一直睡到10点。

典型例题

1. You don't need to describe her. I ___ her several times.

A. had met B. have met C. met D. meet

答案B. 首先本题后句强调对现在的影响，我知道她的模样，你不用描述。再次，several times告知为反复发生的动作，因此用现在完成时。

2. ---I'm sorry to keep you waiting.

---Oh, not at all. I ___ here only a few minutes.

A. have been B. had been C. was D. will be

答案A. 等待的动作由过去开始，持续到现在，应用现在完成时。

返回动词的时态目录

11.15 过去完成时

1） 概念：表示过去的过去

----|----------|--------|----> 其构成是had +过去分词构成。

那时以前 那时 现在

2） 用法

a. 在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。例如：

She said （that）she had never been to Paris. 她告诉我她曾去过巴黎。

b. 状语从句

在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在先，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。例如：

When the police arrived, the thieves had run away. 警察到达时，小偷们早就跑了。

c. 表示意向的动词，如hope, wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等，用过去完成时表示"原本…，未能…"。例如：

We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't. 那时我们希望你能来，但是你没有来。

3） 过去完成时的时间状语before, by, until , when, after, once, as soon as。例如：

He said that he had learned some English before. 他说过他以前学过一些英语。

By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself. 到了十二岁那年，爱迪生开始自己谋生。

Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.

汤姆失望了，因为他到达晚会时，大部分客人已经走了。

典型例题

The students ___ busily when Miss Brown went to get a book she ___ in the office.

A. had written, left B，were writing, has left C. had written, had left D. were writing, had left

答案D. "把书忘在办公室"发生在"去取书"这一过去的动作之前，因此"忘了书"这一动作发生在过去的过去，用过去完成时。句中when表示的是时间的一点，表示在"同学们正忙于……"这一背景下，when所引导的动作发生。因此前一句应用过去进行时。

注意： had hardly… when 还没等…… 就……。例如：

I had hardly opened the door when I he hit me. 我刚打开门，他就打了我。

had no sooner…than 刚…… 就……。例如：

He had no sooner bought the car than he sold it. 他刚买了这辆车，转眼又卖了。

返回动词的时态目录

11.16 用一般过去时代替过去完成时

1） 两个动作如按顺序发生，又不强调先后，或用then，and，but 等连词时，多用一般过去时。例如：

When she saw the mouse，she screamed. 她看到老鼠，就叫了起来。

My aunt gave me a hat and I lost it. 姑妈给了我一顶帽子，我把它丢了。

2 ） 两个动作相继发生，可用一般过去时；如第一个动作需要若干时间完成，用过去完成时。例如：

When I heard the news, I was very excited.

3） 叙述历史事实，可不用过去完成时，而只用一般过去时。例如：

Our teacher told us that Columbus discovered America in 1492.

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11.17 将来完成时

1） 构成will have done

2） 概念

a. 状态完成：表示某事继续到将来某一时为止一直有的状态。例如：

They will have been married for 20 years by then. 到那时他们结婚将有二十年了。

b. 动作完成：表示将来某一时或另一个将来的动作之前，已经完成的动作或获得的经验。例如：

You will have reached Shanghai by this time tomorrow. 明天此时，你已经到达上海了。

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11.18 现在进行时

现在进行时的基本用法：

a. 表示现在（指说话人说话时）正在发生的事情。例如：

We are waiting for you. 我们正在等你。

b. 习惯进行：表示长期的或重复性的动作，说话时动作未必正在进行。例如：

Mr. Green is writing another novel. 他在写另一部小说。（说话时并未在写，只处于写作的状态。）

c. 表示渐变，这样的动词有：get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等。例如：

The leaves are turning red. 叶子在变红。

It's getting warmer and warmer. 天越来越热了。

d. 与always, constantly, forever 等词连用，表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态，往往带有说话人的主观色彩。例如：

You are always changing your mind. 你老是改变主意。

典型例题

My dictionary ___, I have looked for it everywhere but still___ it.

A. has lost, don't find B. is missing, don't find C. has lost, haven't found D. is missing, haven't found.

答案D. 前句是一个仍在持续的状态，应用进行时，由于没有找到，其影响仍然存在，应用完成时，瞬间动词用于否定式时可用于完成时。

返回动词的时态目录

11.19 不用进行时的动词

1）表示事实状态的动词，如have, belong, possess, cost, owe, exist, include, contain, matter, weigh, measure, continue等。例如：I have two brothers. 我有两兄弟。

This house belongs to my sister. 这房子是我姐的。

2）表示心理状态的动词，如know, realize, think see, believe, suppose, imagine, agree, recognize, remember, want, need, forget, prefer, mean, understand, love, hate等。例如：I need your help. 我需要你的帮助。

He loves her very much. 他爱她很深。

3）瞬间动词，如accept, receive, complete, finish, give, allow, decide, refuse等。例如：

I accept your advice. 我接受你的劝告。

4）系动词，如seem, remain, lie, see, hear, smell, feel, taste, get, become, turn等。例如：

You seem a little tired. 你看上去有点累。

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11.20 过去进行时

1）概念：表示过去某时正在进行的状态或动作。

2）过去进行时的主要用法是描述一件事发生的背景；一个长动作延续的时候，另一个短动作发生。

3） 常用的时间状语有this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while等。例如：

My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself. 我兄弟骑车时摔了下来，受了伤。

It was raining when they left the station. 他们离开车站时，正下着雨。

When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining. 我到达山顶时，阳光灿烂。

典型例题

1） Mary ___ a dress when she cut her finger.

A. made B. is making C. was making D. makes

答案C. 割伤手指是已发生的事情，应用过去时。同时，when表时间的同时性，"玛丽在做衣服时"提供事情发生的背景，因此用过去进行时。

2） As she ___ the newspaper, Granny ___ asleep.

A. read；was falling B. was reading； fell C. was reading； was falling D. read；fell

答案B.句中的as = when, while，意为"当……之时"。描述一件事发生的背景时，用过去进行；一个长动作发生的时候，另一个短动作发生。句意为 "在她看报纸时，奶奶睡着了。"句中的 fell（fall的过去时），是系动词，后跟形容词，如：fall sick。
回答者： AlwayswithBoA - 魔法师 四级 8-28 14:13
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